| Records |
| Author |
Arevalo-Ramirez, T.; Villacres, J.; Fuentes, A.; Reszka, P.; Cheein, F.A.A. |
| Title |
Moisture content estimation of Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus globulus from reconstructed leaf reflectance in the SWIR region |
Type |
|
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Biosystems Engineering |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biosyst. Eng. |
| Volume |
193 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
187-205 |
| Keywords |
SWIR reconstruction; Machine learning; Spectral indices; Fuel moisture content; Equivalent water thickness |
| Abstract |
Valparaiso, a central-southern region in Chile, has one of the highest rates of wildfire occurrence in the country. The constant threat of fires is mainly due to its highly flammable forest plantation, composed of 97.5% Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus globulus. Fuel moisture content is one of the most relevant parameters for studying fire spreading and risk, and can be estimated from the reflectance of leaves in the short wave infra-red (SWIR) range, not easily available in most vision-based sensors. Therefore, this work addresses the problem of estimating the water content of leaves from the two previously mentioned species, without any knowledge of their spectrum in the SWIR band. To this end, and for validation purposes, the reflectance of 90 leaves per species, at five dehydration stages, were taken between 350 nm and 2500 nm (full spectrum). Then, two machine-learning regressors were trained with 70% of the data set to determine the unknown reflectance, in the range 1000 nm-2500 nm. Results were validated with the remaining 30% of the data, achieving a root mean square error less than 9% in the spectrum estimation, and an error of 10% in spectral indices related to water content estimation. (C) 2020 IAgrE. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| Address |
[Arevalo-Ramirez, Tito; Villacres, Juan; Auat Cheein, Fernando A.] Univ Tecn Fedrico Santa Maria, Dept Ingn Elect, Valparaiso, Chile, Email: fernando.auat@usm.cl |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1537-5110 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
WOS:000526114500016 |
Approved |
|
| Call Number |
UAI @ eduardo.moreno @ |
Serial |
1150 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| |
| Author |
Garces, H.O.; Fuentes, A.; Reszka, P.; Carvajal, G. |
| Title |
Analysis of Soot Propensity in Combustion Processes Using Optical Sensors and Video Magnification |
Type |
|
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Sensors |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sensors |
| Volume |
18 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
18 pp |
| Keywords |
smoke point; diffusion flame; applied image processing; Eulerian Video Magnification; Phase-based Video Magnification |
| Abstract |
Industrial combustion processes are an important source of particulate matter, causing significant pollution problems that affect human health, and are a major contributor to global warming. The most common method for analyzing the soot emission propensity in flames is the Smoke Point Height (SPH) analysis, which relates the fuel flow rate to a critical flame height at which soot particles begin to leave the reactive zone through the tip of the flame. The SPH and is marked by morphological changes on the flame tip. SPH analysis is normally done through flame observations with the naked eye, leading to high bias. Other techniques are more accurate, but are not practical to implement in industrial settings, such as the Line Of Sight Attenuation (LOSA), which obtains soot volume fractions within the flame from the attenuation of a laser beam. We propose the use of Video Magnification techniques to detect the flame morphological changes and thus determine the SPH minimizing observation bias. We have applied for the first time Eulerian Video Magnification (EVM) and Phase-based Video Magnification (PVM) on an ethylene laminar diffusion flame. The results were compared with LOSA measurements, and indicate that EVM is the most accurate method for SPH determination. |
| Address |
[Garces, Hugo O.] Univ Catolica Santisima Concepcion, Dept Comp Sci, Concepcion 4090541, Chile, Email: hugogarces@ucsc.cl; |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Mdpi |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1424-8220 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
WOS:000435580300213 |
Approved |
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| Call Number |
UAI @ eduardo.moreno @ |
Serial |
893 |
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| |
| Author |
Hernandez, N.; Fuentes, A.; Reszka, P.; Fernandez-Pello, A.C. |
| Title |
Piloted ignition delay times on optically thin PMMA cylinders |
Type |
|
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Proceedings Of The Combustion Institute |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. Combust. Inst. |
| Volume |
37 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
3993-4000 |
| Keywords |
Integral heat equation; P-1 radiation model; Analytical model; Critical heat flux; Optically thin solids |
| Abstract |
The theory to predict ignition of solid fuels exposed to incident radiant heat fluxes has permitted to obtain simple correlations of the ignition delay time with the incident heat flux which are useful in practical engineering applications. However, the theory was developed under the assumption that radiation does not penetrate into the solid phase. In the case of semi-transparent solids, where the penetration of radiation plays an important role in the heating and subsequent ignition of the fuel, the predictions of the classical ignition theory are not applicable. A new theory for the piloted ignition of optically thin cylindrical fuels has been developed. The theory uses an integral method and an approximation of the radiative transfer equation within the solid to predict the heating of an inert solid. An exact and an approximate analytical solution are obtained. The predictions are compared with piloted ignition experiments of clear PMMA cylinders. The results indicate that for opticallythin media, the heating and ignition are not sensible to the thermal conductivity of the solid, they are highly dependent on the in-depth absorption coefficient. Using the approximate solution, the correlation 1/t(ig) proportional to (q)over dot(inc)'' was established. This correlation is adequate for engineering applications, and allows the estimation of effective properties of the solid fuel. The form of the correlation that was obtained is due to the integral method used in the solution of the heat equation, and does not imply that the semi-transparent solid behaves like a thermally thin material. The approximate solution presented in this article constitutes a useful tool for pencil-and-paper calculations and is an advancement in the understanding of solid-phase ignition processes. (C) 2018 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
| Address |
[Hernandez, N.; Fuentes, A.] Univ Tecn Feder Santa Maria, Dept Ind, Valparaiso, Chile, Email: pedro.reszka@uai.cl |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Elsevier Science Inc |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1540-7489 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
WOS:000456628600154 |
Approved |
|
| Call Number |
UAI @ eduardo.moreno @ |
Serial |
973 |
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| |
| Author |
Manzello, S.L.; Blanchi, R.; Gollner, M.J.; Gorham, D.; McAllister, S.; Pastor, E.; Planas, E.; Reszka, P.; Suzuki, S. |
| Title |
Summary of workshop large outdoor fires and the built environment |
Type |
|
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Fire Safety Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Fire Saf. J. |
| Volume |
100 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
76-92 |
| Keywords |
|
| Abstract |
Large outdoor fires present a risk to the built environment. Wildfires that spread into communities, referred to as Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) fires, have destroyed communities throughout the world, and are an emerging problem in fire safety science. Other examples are large urban fires including those that have occurred after earthquakes. Research into large outdoor fires, and how to potentially mitigate the loss of structures in such fires, lags other areas of fire safety science research. At the same time, common characteristics between fire spread in WUI fires and urban fires have not been fully exploited. In this paper, an overview of the large outdoor fire risk to the built environment from each region is presented. Critical research needs for this problem in the context of fire safety science are provided. The present paper seeks to develop the foundation for an international research needs roadmap to reduce the risk of large outdoor fires to the built environment. |
| Address |
[Manzello, Samuel L.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Email: samuelm@nist.gov |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Elsevier Sci Ltd |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0379-7112 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
WOS:000445981000008 |
Approved |
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| Call Number |
UAI @ eduardo.moreno @ |
Serial |
919 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| |
| Author |
Parot, R.; Rivera, J.I.; Reszka, P.; Torero, J.L.; Fuentes, A. |
| Title |
A simplified analytical model for radiation dominated ignition of solid fuels exposed to multiple non-steady heat fluxes |
Type |
|
| Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Combustion and Flame |
Abbreviated Journal |
Combust. Flame |
| Volume |
237 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
111866 |
| Keywords |
Ignition delay time; Fire safety; Integral heat equation; Solid ignition; Translucent solids; In-depth absorption of radiation |
| Abstract |
Heat fluxes from fires are strongly time-dependent. Historically, the thermal ignition theory in its classical form has neglected this time dependency until recent years, where theories have been developed to include time-varying incident heat fluxes. This article proposes a simplified general model formulation for the heating of solid fuels exposed to four different heat flux behaviors, considering the penetration of radiation into the medium. The incident heat flux cases developed where: Constant, Linear, Exponential and Polynomial, which represent different situations related to structural and wildland fires. The analytical models consider a spatially averaged medium temperature and exact and approximate solutions are presented, based on the critical ignition temperature criterion, which are valid for solids of any optical thickness. The results were validated by comparison with various models presented in the literature, where the model granted in this work was capable to adjust to all of them, especially when high heat fluxes are involved. Therefore, the proposed model acquires a significant engineering utility since it provides a single model to be used as a general and versatile tool to predict the ignition delay time in a manageable way for solid fuels exposed to different fire conditions. |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0010-2180 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
WOS:000735880500007 |
Approved |
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| Call Number |
UAI @ alexi.delcanto @ |
Serial |
1521 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Reszka, P.; Cruz, J.J.; Valdivia, J.; Gonzalez, F.; Rivera, J.; Carvajal, C.; Fuentes, A. |
| Title |
Ignition delay times of live and dead pinus radiata needles |
Type |
|
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Fire Safety Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Fire Saf. J. |
| Volume |
112 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
7 pp |
| Keywords |
Leaf senescence; Photosynthetic pigments; Critical heat flux; Moisture content; Wildland fire |
| Abstract |
There are still many open questions related to the fire behavior of live and dead wildland fuels and their senescence process. We have physically and biochemically studied live and dead pinus radiata needles, their aging process, and their fire behavior using a systematic aging procedure which allows to characterize the evolution of the fuel moisture content and the photosynthetic pigments over time, and to determine the period of time after sample collection in which specimens can be considered to be alive. Results show that pine needles stay alive for up to 12 h after collection if they remain attached to the twigs. The influence of senescence on spontaneous ignition was tested on two bench-scale devices, the I-FIT and the SCALA, under discontinuous and continuous configurations, respectively. Live pine needles showed larger critical heat fluxes than dead needles, while dead and re-hydrated samples have increased critical heat fluxes for greater moisture contents. Experimental results were interpreted with thermal models based on a two-phase description of the fuel layer. We established a correlation of the form 1/t(ig)proportional to q(inc)" for both ignition configurations, which is adequate for engineering applications and allows the estimation of effective properties for wildland fuel beds. |
| Address |
[Reszka, P.; Valdivia, J.] Univ Adolfo Ibanez, Fac Engn & Sci, Santiago, Chile, Email: andres.fuentes@usm.cl |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Elsevier Sci Ltd |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0379-7112 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
WOS:000527282900005 |
Approved |
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| Call Number |
UAI @ eduardo.moreno @ |
Serial |
1146 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| |
| Author |
Rivera, J.; Hernandez, N.; Consalvi, JL.; Reszka, P.; Contreras, J.; Fuentes, A. |
| Title |
Ignition of wildland fuels by idealized firebrands |
Type |
|
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Fire Safety Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Fire Saf. J. |
| Volume |
120 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
103036 |
| Keywords |
PILOTED IGNITION; PINE NEEDLES; CONE CALORIMETER; MOISTURE; TIME; BEDS |
| Abstract |
Experiments were carried out in the Idealized-Firebrand Ignition Test (I-FIT), a bench scale apparatus specifically designed to test the ignition of forest fuel layers from a representative firebrand. A cylindrical heater was used to model the firebrand, which allowed to control the incident radiative heat flux on the specimen, from the critical heat flux up to 25 kW/m2, for five different porosities of the fuel layer. Experimental ignition delay times were interpreted based on a theoretical model of the radiative heating of the fuel layer. Radiative heat transfer within the fuel layer was modeled by using the P1 approximation. In the limit of small ignition delay times an analytical expression was derived to correlate the inverse of the ignition time to the incident heat flux. This analytical expression is used to obtain the ignition temperature and effective properties for the forest fuel layers, namely the product of the fuel volume fraction by solid fuel density and solid heat capacity. Analytical solutions were found to be consistent with experimental data and a correlation relating the inverse of the non-dimensional time-toignition to the non-dimensional heat flux is provided. |
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Place of Publication |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0379-7112 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
WOS:000639876600016 |
Approved |
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| Call Number |
UAI @ alexi.delcanto @ |
Serial |
1388 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Thomsen, M.C.; Fuentes, A.; Demarco, R.; Volkwein, C.; Consalvi, J.L.; Reszka, P. |
| Title |
Soot measurements in candle flames |
Type |
|
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Experimental Thermal And Fluid Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. |
| Volume |
82 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
116-123 |
| Keywords |
MAE; Modulated Absorption/Emission; Soot volume fraction; Soot temperature; Wick effects |
| Abstract |
Soot volume fractions and soot temperatures have been measured for the first time on candle flames. Measurements on laminar steady flames were carried out using candles with wick diameters of 2, 3 and 4 mm. Wick length was varied between 4 and 10 mm. The shape of the candle flame was obtained from CH* spontaneous emissions. Measured flame heights show an increase with wick dimensions, approaching an asymptotic value for increasing wick lengths. Soot volume fractions were obtained from laser extinction measurements with the Modulated Absorption/Emission (MAE) technique. A deconvolution technique and a regularization procedure were applied to the data. Radial profiles of soot volume fractions increase when varying the wick dimensions; this effect is produced by the greater amount of fuel released by the wick. Radially integrated soot volume fractions were also calculated, presenting a similar behavior to the soot volume fraction radial profiles. The peak integrated soot volume fraction was found at approximately half the flame height, independent of the wick dimensions and burning rates. Soot temperature was obtained from emission measurements at two different wavelengths considering the attenuation of the soot particles in the optical path length. A deconvolution and regularization procedure was carried out in order to obtain temperature profiles for different heights in the flame. The observed increase in soot production and soot temperature profiles was directly related to the higher burning rate experienced by the candle. The results show that peak integrated soot volume fractions are proportional to both the mass loss rates and the flame heights. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
| Address |
[Thomsen, M. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, Email: pedro.reszka@uai.cl |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Elsevier Science Inc |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0894-1777 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
WOS:000392769400012 |
Approved |
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| Call Number |
UAI @ eduardo.moreno @ |
Serial |
696 |
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| Author |
Verdugo, I.; Cruz, J.J.; Alvarez, E.; Reszka, P.; da Silva, L.F.F.; Fuentes, A. |
| Title |
Candle flame soot sizing by planar time-resolved laser-induced incandescence |
Type |
|
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Rep |
| Volume |
10 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
12 pp |
| Keywords |
|
| Abstract |
Soot emissions from flaming combustion are relevant as a significant source of atmospheric pollution and as a source of nanomaterials. Candles are interesting targets for soot characterization studies since they burn complex fuels with a large number of carbon atoms, and yield stable and repeatable flames. We characterized the soot particle size distributions in a candle flame using the planar two-color time-resolved laser induced incandescence (2D-2C TiRe-LII) technique, which has been successfully applied to different combustion applications, but never before on a candle flame. Soot particles are heated with a planar laser sheet to temperatures above the normal flame temperatures. The incandescent soot particles emit thermal radiation, which decays over time when the particles cool down to the flame temperature. By analyzing the temporal decay of the incandescence signal, soot particle size distributions within the flame are obtained. Our results are consistent with previous works, and show that the outer edges of the flame are characterized by larger particles (approximate to 60 nm), whereas smaller particles (approximate to 25 nm) are found in the central regions. We also show that our effective temperature estimates have a maximum error of 100 K at early times, which decreases as the particles cool. |
| Address |
[Verdugo, Ignacio; Jose Cruz, Juan; Alvarez, Emilio; Fuentes, Andres] Univ Tecn Federico Santa Maria, Dept Ind, Av Espana 1680,Casilla 110-V, Valparaiso, Chile, Email: andres.fuentes@usm.cl |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Nature Publishing Group |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2045-2322 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
WOS:000548564900078 |
Approved |
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| Call Number |
UAI @ eduardo.moreno @ |
Serial |
1178 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Villacres, J.; Arevalo-Ramirez, T.; Fuentes, A.; Reszka, P.; Cheein, F.A. |
| Title |
Foliar Moisture Content from the Spectral Signature for Wildfire Risk Assessments in Valparaiso-Chile |
Type |
|
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Sensors |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sensors |
| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
24 |
Pages |
17 pp |
| Keywords |
fuel moisture content; wildland urban interface; leaves spectral signature |
| Abstract |
Fuel moisture content (FMC) proved to be one of the most relevant parameters for controlling fire behavior and risk, particularly at the wildland-urban interface (WUI). Data relating FMC to spectral indexes for different species are an important requirement identified by the wildfire safety community. In Valparaiso, the WUI is mainly composed of Eucalyptus Globulus and Pinus Radiata-commonly found in Mediterranean WUI areas-which represent the 97.51% of the forests plantation inventory. In this work we study the spectral signature of these species under different levels of FMC. In particular, we analyze the behavior of the spectral reflectance per each species at five dehydration stages, obtaining eighteen spectral indexes related to water content and, for Eucalyptus Globulus, the area of each leave-associated with the water content-is also computed. As the main outcome of this research, we provide a validated linear regression model associated with each spectral index and the fuel moisture content and moisture loss, per each species studied. |
| Address |
[Villacres, Juan; Arevalo-Ramirez, Tito; Cheein, Fernando Auat] Univ Tecn Federico Santa Maria, Dept Elect Engn, Valparaiso 2390123, Chile, Email: juan.villacres@sansano.usm.cl; |
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| Publisher |
Mdpi |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1424-8220 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
WOS:000517961400138 |
Approved |
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| Call Number |
UAI @ eduardo.moreno @ |
Serial |
1119 |
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| Author |
Villacres, J.; Fuentes, A.; Reszka, P.; Cheein, F.A. |
| Title |
Retrieval of Vegetation Indices Related to Leaf Water Content from a Single Index: A Case Study of Eucalyptus globulus (Labill.) and Pinus radiata (D. Don.) |
Type |
|
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Plants-Basel |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plants-Basel |
| Volume |
10 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
697 |
| Keywords |
fuel moisture content; vegetation indices; spectral reflectance; Eucalyptus globulus; Pinus radiata |
| Abstract |
The vegetation indices derived from spectral reflectance have served as an indicator of vegetation's biophysical and biochemical parameters. Some of these indices are capable of characterizing more than one parameter at a time. This study examines the feasibility of retrieving several spectral vegetation indices from a single index under the assumption that all these indices are correlated with water content. The models used are based on a linear regression adjusted with least squares. The spectral signatures of Eucalyptus globulus and Pinus radiata, which constitute 97.5% of the forest plantation in Valparaiso region in Chile, have been used to test and validate the proposed approach. The linear models were fitted with an independent data set from which their performance was assessed. The results suggest that from the Leaf Water Index, other spectral indices can be recovered with a root mean square error up to 0.02, a bias of 1.12%, and a coefficient of determination of 0.77. The latter encourages using a sensor with discrete wavelengths instead of a continuum spectrum to estimate the forestry's essential parameters. |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2223-7747 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
WOS:000643526900001 |
Approved |
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| Call Number |
UAI @ alexi.delcanto @ |
Serial |
1370 |
| Permanent link to this record |
