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Author Alvarez-Miranda, E.; Campos-Valdes, C.; Quiroga, M.M.; Moreno-Faguett, M.; Pereira, J. doi  openurl
  Title A Multi-Criteria Pen for Drawing Fair Districts: When Democratic and Demographic Fairness Matter Type
  Year 2020 Publication Mathematics Abbreviated Journal Mathematics  
  Volume 8 Issue 9 Pages 27 pp  
  Keywords multi-criteria optimization; OR applications; malapportionment; districting; electoral system  
  Abstract Electoral systems are modified by individuals who have incentives to bias the rules for their political advantage (i.e., gerrymandering). To prevent gerrymandering, legislative institutions can rely on mathematical tools to guarantee democratic fairness and territorial contiguity. These tools have been successfully used in the past; however, there is a need to accommodate additional meanings of the term fairness within the electoral systems of modern democracies. In this paper, we present an optimization framework that considers multiple criteria for drawing districts and assigning the number of representatives. Besides some typical districting criteria (malapportionment and contiguity), we introduce novel criteria for ensuring territorial equilibrium and incentives for candidates to deploy their representation efforts fairly during their campaign and period in office. We test the method, which we denote as Multi-criteria Pen, in a recent and a forthcoming reform of the Chilean electoral system. The results show the potential of our tool to improve the current territorial design and offers insights on the motivations, objectives, and deficiencies of both reform plans.  
  Address [Alvarez-Miranda, Eduardo; Moreno-Faguett, Magas] Univ Talca, Fac Engn, Dept Ind Engn, Campus Curico, Curico 3341717, Chile, Email: ealvarez@utalca.cl;  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Mdpi Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2227-7390 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000580771600001 Approved  
  Call Number UAI @ alexi.delcanto @ Serial 1246  
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Author Sandoval, G.; Alvarez-Miranda, E.; Pereira, J.; Rios-Mercado, R.Z.; Diaz, J.A. doi  openurl
  Title A novel districting design approach for on-time last-mile delivery: An application on an express postal company Type
  Year 2022 Publication Omega-International Journal Of Management Science Abbreviated Journal Omega-Int. J. Manage. Sci.  
  Volume 113 Issue Pages 102687  
  Keywords Districting; Last-mile delivery; Postal delivery; Supply chain management; Heuristics  
  Abstract Last-mile logistics corresponds to the last leg of the supply chain, i.e., the delivery of goods to final cus-tomers, and they comprise the core activities of postal and courier companies. Because of their role in the supply chain, last-mile operations are critical for the perception of customers regarding the perfor-mance of the whole logistic process. In this sense, the sustained growth of e-commerce, which has been abruptly catalyzed by the irruption of the COVID-19 pandemic, has hanged the habits of customers and overtaxed the operational side of delivery companies, hindering their viability and forcing their adap-tation to the novel conditions. Many of these habits will remain after we overcome the sanitary crisis, which will permanently reshape the structure and emphasis of postal supply chains, demanding compa-nies to implement organizational and operational changes to adapt to these new challenges. In this work we address a last-mile logistic design problem faced by a courier and delivery company in Chile, although the same problem is likely to arise in the last-mile delivery operation of other postal companies, in particular in the operation of express delivery services. The operational structure of the company is based on the division of an urban area into smaller territories (districts) and the outsourcing of the delivery operation of each territory to a last-mile contractor. Because of the increasing volume of postal traffic and a decreasing performance of the service, in particular for the case of express deliveries, the company is forced to redesign its current territorial arrangement. Such redesign results in a novel optimization problem that resembles a classical districting problem with the additional quality of service requirements. This novel problem is first formulated as a mathematical programming model and then a specially tailored heuristic is designed for solving it. The proposed approach is tested on instances from the real-life case study, and the obtained results show significant improvements in terms of the percent-age of on-time deliveries achieved by the proposed solution when compared to the current districting design of the company. By performing a sensitivity analysis considering different levels of demand, we show that the proposed approach is effective in providing districting designs capable of enduring signifi-cant increases in the demand for express postal services.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0305-0483 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes WOS:000809666900001 Approved  
  Call Number UAI @ alexi.delcanto @ Serial 1605  
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