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Bonassa, G.; Bolsan, A.C.; Hollas, C.E.; Venturin, B.; Candido, D.; Chini, A.; De Pra, M.C.; Antes, F.G.; Campos, J.L.; Kunz, A. |
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Title |
Organic carbon bioavailability: Is it a good driver to choose the best biological nitrogen removal process? |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Science Of The Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci. Total Environ. |
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Volume |
786 |
Issue |
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Pages |
147390 |
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Keywords |
Economic viability; Anammox-based process; Biodegradable organic carbon concentration; Nitrogen removal process; Nitrification; denitrification |
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Abstract |
Organic carbon can affect the biological nitrogen removal process since the Anammox, heterotrophic and denitrifying bacteria have different affinities and feedback in relation to carbon/nitrogen ratio. Therefore, we reviewed the wastewater carbon concentration, its biodegradability and bioavailability to choose the appropriate nitrogen removal process between conventional (nitrification-denitrification) and Anammox-based process (i.e. integrated with the partial nitritation, nitritation, simultaneous partial nitrification and denitrification or partial-denitrification). This review will cover: (i) strategies to choose the best nitrogen removal route according to the wastewater characteristics in relation to the organic matter bioavailability and biodegradability; (ii) strategies to efficiently remove nitrogen and the remaining carbon from effluent in anammox-based process and its operating cost; (iii) an economic analysis to determine the operational costs of two-units Anammox-based process when compared with the commonly applied one-unit Anammox system (partial-nitritation-Anammox). On this re-view, a list of alternatives are summarized and explained for different nitrogen and biodegradable organic carbon concentrations, which are the main factors to determine the best treatment process, based on operational and economic terms. In summary, it depends on the wastewater carbon biodegradability, which implies in the wastewater treatment cost. Thus, to apply the conventional nitrification/denitrification process a CODb/N ratio higher than 3.5 is required to achieve full nitrogen removal efficiency. For an economic point of view, according to the analysis the minimum CODb/gN for successful nitrogen removal by nitrification/denitrification is 5.8 g. If ratios lower than 3.5 are applied, for successfully higher nitrogen removal rates and the economic feasibility of the treatment, Anammox-based routes can be applied to the wastewater treatment plant. |
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0048-9697 |
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WOS:000687095700013 |
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Call Number |
UAI @ alexi.delcanto @ |
Serial |
1459 |
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Author |
Campos, J.L.; del Rio, A.V.; Pedrouso, A.; Raux, P.; Giustinianovich, E.A.; Mosquera-Corral, A. |
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Title |
Granular biomass floatation: A simple kinetic/stoichiometric explanation |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Chemical Engineering Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chem. Eng. J. |
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Volume |
311 |
Issue |
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Pages |
63-71 |
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Keywords |
Anaerobic; Anammox; Denitrification; Granule; Methane; Nitrogen |
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Abstract |
Floatation events are commonly observed in anammox, denitrifying and anaerobic granular systems mostly subjected to overloading conditions. Although several operational strategies have been proposed to avoid floatation of granular biomass, until now, there is no consensus about the conditions responsible for this phenomenon. In the present study, a simple explanation based on kinetic and stoichiometric principles defining the aforementioned processes is provided. The operational zones corresponding to evaluated parameters where risk of floatation exists are defined as a function of substrate concentration in the bulk liquid and the radius of the granule. Moreover, the possible control of biomass floatation by changing the operating temperature was analyzed. Defined operational zones and profiles fit data reported in literature for granular biomass floatation events. From the study the most influencing parameter on floatation occurrence has been identified as the substrate concentration in the bulk media. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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[Campos, J. L.; Raux, P.] Univ Adolfo Ibanez, Fac Ingn & Ciencias, Avda Padre Hurtado 750, Vina Del Mar, Chile, Email: jluis.campos@uai.cl |
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Elsevier Science Sa |
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English |
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1385-8947 |
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WOS:000392768200008 |
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Call Number |
UAI @ eduardo.moreno @ |
Serial |
697 |
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Author |
del Rio, A.V.; da Silva, T.; Martins, T.H.; Foresti, E.; Campos, J.L.; Mendez, R.; Mosquera-Corral, A. |
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Title |
Partial Nitritation-Anammox Granules: Short-Term Inhibitory Effects of Seven Metals on Anammox Activity |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Water Air And Soil Pollution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Water Air Soil Pollut. |
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Volume |
228 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
9 pp |
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Keywords |
Ammonia oxidizing bacteria; Anammox; Granules; IC50; Nitrogen removal |
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Abstract |
The inhibitory effect of seven different metals on the specific anammox activity of granular biomass, collected from a single stage partial nitritation/anammox reactor, was evaluated. The concentration of each metal that led to a 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) was 19.3 mg Cu+2/L, 26.9 mg Cr+2/L, 45.6 mg Pb+2/L, 59.1 mg Zn+2/L, 69.2 mg Ni+2/L, 174.6 mg Cd+2/L, and 175.8 mg Mn+2/L. In experiments performed with granules mechanically disintegrated (flocculent-like sludge), the IC50 for Cd+2 corresponded to a concentration of 93.1 mg Cd+2/L. These results indicate that the granular structure might act as a physical barrier to protect anammox bacteria from toxics. Furthermore, the presence of an external layer of ammonia oxidizing bacteria seems to mitigate the inhibitory effect of the metals, as the values of IC50 obtained in this study for anammox activity were higher than those previously reported for anammox granules. Additionally, the results obtained confirmed that copper is one of the most inhibitory metals for anammox activity and revealed that chromium, scarcely studied yet, has a similar potential inhibitory effect. |
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[del Rio, Angeles Val; Mendez, Ramon; Mosquera-Corral, Anuska] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn, E-15782 Santiago De Compostela, Spain, Email: mangeles.val@usc.es |
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Springer |
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English |
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ISSN |
0049-6979 |
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Notes |
WOS:000415958200002 |
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Call Number |
UAI @ eduardo.moreno @ |
Serial |
790 |
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Author |
del Rio, A.V.; Pichel, A.; Fernandez-Gonzalez, N.; Pedrouso, A.; Fra-Vazquez, A.; Morales, N.; Mendez, R.; Campos, J.L.; Mosquera-Corral, A. |
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Title |
Performance and microbial features of the partial nitritation-anammox process treating fish canning wastewater with variable salt concentrations |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal Of Environmental Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Environ. Manage. |
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Volume |
208 |
Issue |
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Pages |
112-121 |
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Keywords |
Autotrophic; Denitrification; Fish canning; Granule; Nitrogen |
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Abstract |
The partial nitritation-anammox (PN-AMX) process applied to wastewaters with high NaCl concentration was studied until now using simulated media, without considering the effect of organic matter concentration and the shift in microbial populations. This research work presents results on the application of this process to the treatment of saline industrial wastewater. Obtained results indicated that the PN-AMX process has the capability to recover its initial activity after a sudden/acute salt inhibition event (up to 16 g NaCl/L). With a progressive salt concentration increase for 150 days, the PN-AMX process was able to remove the 80% of the nitrogen at 7-9 g NaCl/L. The microbiological data indicated that NaCl and ammonia concentrations and temperature are important factors shaping PN-AMX communities. Thus, the NOB abundance (Nitrospira) decreases with the increase of the salt concentration, while heterotrophic denitrifiers are able to outcompete anammox aftet a peak of organic matter in the feeding. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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Address |
[Val del Rio, Angeles; Pichel, Andres; Fernandez-Gonzalez, Nuria; Pedrouso, Alba; Fra-Vazquez, Andrea; Mendez, Ramon; Mosquera-Corral, Anuska] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Sch Engn, Dept Chem Engn, E-15705 Santiago De Compostela, Spain, Email: mangeles.val@usc.es; |
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Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd |
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English |
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ISSN |
0301-4797 |
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Notes |
WOS:000424074000011 |
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Call Number |
UAI @ eduardo.moreno @ |
Serial |
818 |
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Author |
Diaz, C.; Belmonte, M.; Campos, J.L.; Franchi, O.; Faundez, M.; Vidal, G.; Argiz, L.; Pedrouso, A.; del Rio, A.V.; Mosquera-Corral, A. |
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Title |
Limits of the anammox process in granular systems to remove nitrogen at low temperature and nitrogen concentration |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Process Safety And Environmental Protection |
Abbreviated Journal |
Process Saf. Environ. Protect. |
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Volume |
138 |
Issue |
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Pages |
349-355 |
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Keywords |
Anammox; Dissolved oxygen; Granular biomass; Nitrogen; SRT; Temperature |
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Abstract |
When partial nitritation-anammox (PN-AMX) processes are applied to treat the mainstream in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), it is difficult to fulfil the total nitrogen (TN) quality requirements established by the European Union (<10g TN/m(3)). The operation of the anammox process was evaluated here in a continuous stirred tank reactor operated at 15 degrees C and fed with concentrations of 50 g TN/m(3) (1.30 +/- 0.23 g NO2- -N/g NH4+-N). Two different aspects were identified as crucial, limiting nitrogen removal efficiency. On the one hand, the oxygen transferred from the air in contact with the mixed liquor surface favoured the nitrite oxidation to nitrate (up to 75 %) and this nitrate, in addition to the amount produced from the anammox reaction itself, worsened the effluent quality. On the other hand, the mass transfer of ammonium and nitrite to be converted inside the anammox granules involves relatively large values of apparent affinity constants (k(NH4+app) : 0.50 g NH4+-N/m(3) ; k(NO2-app) 0.17 g NO2--N/m(3)) that favour the presence of these nitrogen compounds in the produced effluent. The careful isolation of the reactor from air seeping and the fixation of right hydraulic and solids retention times are expected to help the maintenance of stability and effluent quality. (C) 2020 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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Address |
[Diaz, Claudia; Belmonte, Marisol] Univ Playa Ancha, Fac Ingn, Lab Biotecnol Medio Ambiente & Ingn LABMAI, Avda Leopoldo Carvallo 270, Valparaiso 2340000, Chile, Email: jluis.campos@uai.cl |
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Elsevier |
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English |
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ISSN |
0957-5820 |
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Notes |
WOS:000538807400005 |
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Call Number |
UAI @ eduardo.moreno @ |
Serial |
1193 |
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Author |
Giustinianovich, E.A.; Campos, J.L.; Roeckel, M.D. |
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Title |
The presence of organic matter during autotrophic nitrogen removal: Problem or opportunity? |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Separation And Purification Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sep. Purif. Technol. |
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Volume |
166 |
Issue |
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Pages |
102-108 |
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Keywords |
Anammox; Ammonia oxidation; Heterotrophic denitrification; Nitrogen removal; SNAD |
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Abstract |
The simultaneous nitrification, Anammox and denitrification (SNAD) process discovered six years ago is an adaptation of the autotrophic denitrification process that allows for treating nitrogen-rich wastewater streams with moderate amounts of organic carbon. Several authors have noted that it is possible to utilize organic carbon to promote nitrogen removal via the action of denitrifying microorganisms, which can remove the remnant nitrate produced by Anammox bacteria. Thus, SNAD systems can achieve nitrogen removal efficiencies higher than 89%, which is what is expected under autotrophic conditions. Three bacterial groups are responsible for SNAD reactions: ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) and heterotrophic bacteria (HB). Because HB will compete with AOB and AnAOB for oxygen and nitrite, respectively, the system should be operated in such way that a balance among the different bacterial populations is achieved. Here, the results reported in the literature are analyzed to define suitable characteristics of effluents for treatment and operational conditions to allow the SNAD process to be carried out with different types of technologies. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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Address |
[Giustinianovich, Elisa A.; Roeckel, Marlene D.] Univ Concepcion, Dept Chem Engn, Casilla 160-C, Concepcion, Chile, Email: mroeckel@udec.cl |
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Elsevier Science Bv |
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English |
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ISSN |
1383-5866 |
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Notes |
WOS:000376834400013 |
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Call Number |
UAI @ eduardo.moreno @ |
Serial |
827 |
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Author |
Giustinianovich, E.A.; Campos, J.L.; Roeckel, M.D.; Estrada, A.J.; Mosquera-Corral, A.; del Rio, A.V. |
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Title |
Influence of biomass acclimation on the performance of a partial nitritation-anammox reactor treating industrial saline effluents |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Chemosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chemosphere |
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Volume |
194 |
Issue |
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Pages |
131-138 |
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Keywords |
Anammox; Canning industry effluents; Nitrogen removal; Partial nitritation; Saline effluents |
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Abstract |
The performance of the partial nitritation/anammox processes was evaluated for the treatment of fish canning effluents. A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was fed with industrial wastewater, with variable salt and total ammonium nitrogen (TAN) concentrations in the range of 1.75-18.00 g-NaCl L-1 and 112 – 267 mg-TAN L-1. The SBR operation was divided into two experiments: (A) progressive increase of salt concentrations from 1.75 to 1833 g-NaCl L-1; (B) direct application of high salt concentration (18 g-NaCl L-1). The progressive increase of NaCl concentration provoked the inhibition of the anammox biomass by up to 94% when 18 g-NaCl L-1 were added. The stable operation of the processes was achieved after 154 days when the nitrogen removal rate was 0.021 +/- 0.007 g N/L.d (corresponding to 30% of removal efficiency). To avoid the development of NOB activity at low salt concentrations and to stabilize the performance of the processes dissolved oxygen was supplied by intermittent aeration. A greater removal rate of 0.029 +/- 0.017 g-N L-1 d(-1) was obtained with direct exposure of the inoculum to 18 g-NaCl L-1 in less than 40 days. Also, higher specific activities than those from the inoculum were achieved for salt concentrations of 15 and 20 g-NaCl L-1 after 39 days of operation. This first study of the performance of the partial nitritation/anammox processes, to treat saline wastewaters, indicates that the acclimation period can be avoided to shorten the start-up period for industrial application purposes. Nevertheless, further experiments are needed in order to improve the efficiency of the processes. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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Address |
[Giustinianovich, Elisa A.; Roeckel, Marlene D.] Univ Concepcion, Dept Chem Engn, Concepcion, Chile, Email: mangeles.val@usc.es |
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Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd |
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English |
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0045-6535 |
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Notes |
WOS:000423890700017 |
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Call Number |
UAI @ eduardo.moreno @ |
Serial |
817 |
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Author |
Kraiser, T.; Gras, D.E.; Gutierrez, A.G.; Gonzalez, B.; Gutierrez, R.A. |
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Title |
A holistic view of nitrogen acquisition in plants |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal Of Experimental Botany |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Exp. Bot. |
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Volume |
62 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1455-1466 |
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Keywords |
Bacteria; nitrogen; nitrogen acquisition; plants |
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Abstract |
Nitrogen (N) is the mineral nutrient required in the greatest amount and its availability is a major factor limiting growth and development of plants. As sessile organisms, plants have evolved different strategies to adapt to changes in the availability and distribution of N in soils. These strategies include mechanisms that act at different levels of biological organization from the molecular to the ecosystem level. At the molecular level, plants can adjust their capacity to acquire different forms of N in a range of concentrations by modulating the expression and function of genes in different N uptake systems. Modulation of plant growth and development, most notably changes in the root system architecture, can also greatly impact plant N acquisition in the soil. At the organism and ecosystem levels, plants establish associations with diverse microorganisms to ensure adequate nutrition and N supply. These different adaptive mechanisms have been traditionally discussed separately in the literature. To understand plant N nutrition in the environment, an integrated view of all pathways contributing to plant N acquisition is required. Towards this goal, in this review the different mechanisms that plants utilize to maintain an adequate N supply are summarized and integrated. |
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Address |
[Kraiser, Tatiana; Gras, Diana E.; Gutierrez, Rodrigo A.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Ctr Genome Regulat, Santiago 8331010, Chile, Email: rgutierrez@bio.puc.cl |
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Oxford Univ Press |
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English |
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0022-0957 |
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Notes |
WOS:000286989700010 |
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Call Number |
UAI @ eduardo.moreno @ |
Serial |
124 |
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Author |
Luengwilai, K.; Yu, J.W.; Jimenez, R.C.; Thitisaksakul, M.; Vega, A.; Dong, S.Y.; Beckles, D.M. |
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Title |
Ectopic Expression of Arabidopsis thaliana zDof1.3 in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Is Associated with Improved Greenhouse Productivity and Enhanced Carbon and Nitrogen Use |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int. J. Mol. Sci. |
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Volume |
23 |
Issue |
19 |
Pages |
11229 |
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Keywords |
Dof; transcription factor; tomato; carbohydrates; nitrogen metabolism |
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Abstract |
A large collection of transgenic tomato lines, each ectopically expressing a different Arabidopsis thaliana transcription factor, was screened for variants with alterations in leaf starch. Such lines may be affected in carbon partitioning, and in allocation to the sinks. We focused on 'L4080', which harbored an A. thaliana zDof (DNA-binding one zinc finger) isoform 1.3 (AtzDof1.3) gene, and which had a 2-4-fold higher starch-to-sucrose ratio in source leaves over the diel (p < 0.05). Our aim was to determine whether there were associated effects on productivity. L4080 plants were altered in nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) metabolism. The N-to-C ratio was higher in six-week-old L4080, and when treated with 1/10 N, L4080 growth was less inhibited compared to the wild-type and this was accompanied by faster root elongation (p < 0.05). The six-week-old L4080 acquired 42% more dry matter at 720 ppm CO2, compared to ambient CO2 (p < 0.05), while the wild-type (WT) remained unchanged. GC-MS-TOF data showed that L4080 source leaves were enriched in amino acids compared to the WT, and at 49 DPA, fruit had 25% greater mass, higher sucrose, and increased yield (25%; p < 0.05) compared to the WT. An Affymetrix cDNA array analysis suggested that only 0.39% of the 9000 cDNAs were altered by 1.5-fold (p < 0.01) in L4080 source leaves. C-14-labeling of fruit disks identified potential differences in 14-DPA fruit metabolism suggesting that post-transcriptional regulation was important. We conclude that AtzDof1.3 and the germplasm derived therefrom, should be investigated for their 'climate-change adaptive' potential. |
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1422-0067 |
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Notes |
WOS:000867764100001 |
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Call Number |
UAI @ alexi.delcanto @ |
Serial |
1675 |
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Author |
Morales, N.; del Rio, A.V.; Vazquez-Padin, J.R.; Gutierrez, R.; Fernandez-Gonzalez, R.; Icaram, P.; Rogalla, F.; Campos, J.L.; Mendez, R.; Mosquera-Corral, A. |
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Title |
Influence of dissolved oxygen concentration on the start-up of the anammox-based process: ELAN (R) |
Type |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Water Science And Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Water Sci. Technol. |
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Volume |
72 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
520-527 |
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Keywords |
anammox; autotrophic nitrogen removal; dissolved oxygen; granule; oxygen microprofiles |
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Abstract |
The anammox-based process ELAN (R) was started-up in two different sequencing batch reactor (SBR) pilot plant reactors treating municipal anaerobic digester supernatant. The main difference in the operation of both reactors was the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in the bulk liquid. SBR-1 was started at a DO value of 0.4 mg O-2/L whereas SBR-2 was started at DO values of 3.0 mg O-2/L. Despite both reactors working at a nitrogen removal rate of around 0.6 g N/(L d), in SBR-1, granules represented only a small fraction of the total biomass and reached a diameter of 1.1 mm after 7 months of operation, while in SBR-2 the biomass was mainly composed of granules with an average diameter of 3.2 mm after the same operational period. Oxygen microelectrode profiling revealed that granules from SBR-2 where only fully penetrated by oxygen with DO concentrations of 8 mg O2/L while granules from SBR-1 were already oxygen penetrated at DO concentrations of 1 mg O2/L. In this way granules from SBR-2 performed better due to the thick layer of ammonia oxidizing bacteria, which accounted for up to 20% of all the microbial populations, which protected the anammox bacteria from non-suitable liquid media conditions. |
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Address |
[Morales, N.; Vazquez-Padin, J. R.; Gutierrez, R.; Fernandez-Gonzalez, R.; Icaram, P.; Rogalla, F.] Guillarei WWTP, FCC Aqualia, E-36720 Tui, Spain, Email: nicolas.morales.pereira@fcc.es |
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Iwa Publishing |
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English |
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ISSN |
0273-1223 |
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Notes |
WOS:000359387200003 |
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Call Number |
UAI @ eduardo.moreno @ |
Serial |
518 |
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Author |
Morales, N.; del Rio, A.V.; Vazquez-Padin, J.R.; Mendez, R.; Campos, J.L.; Mosquera-Corral, A. |
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Title |
The granular biomass properties and the acclimation period affect the partial nitritation/anammox process stability at a low temperature and ammonium concentration |
Type |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Process Biochemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Process Biochem. |
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Volume |
51 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
2134-2142 |
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Keywords |
Anammox; AOB; Granules; Nitrogen; NOB; Partial nitritation |
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Abstract |
Extensive research on the anammox-based processes under mainstream conditions is currently in progress. Most studies have used a long acclimation period for the partial nitritation-anammox (PN-An) sludge at a low temperature and ammonium concentration. However, in this study, the results demonstrated that PN-An granular biomass produced under sidestream conditions (30 degrees C and 1000 mg NH4+-N/L) can operate at 15 degrees C and 50 mg NH4+-N/L without acclimation. The nitrogen removal efficiency was 70% and was stable for 60 days. The long-termoperation of the system with progressive adaptation provided important information for process optimization. Control of the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration was crucial to maintain the balance between ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anammox bacteria activities. A calculation of the oxygen penetration depth inside the granules is proposed to estimate an adequate DO level, which allows for the definition of the aerobic and anoxic zones that depend on the temperature, the size distribution and the granule density. However, the development of NOB was difficult to avoid with DO control alone. The selective washing-out of the floccular biomass, which contains mainly NOB, is proposed, leaving the granular fraction with the AOB and anammox bacteria in the system. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. |
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Address |
[Morales, Nicolas; del Rio, Angeles Val; Mendez, Ramon; Campos, Jose L.; Mosquera-Corral, Anuska] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn, E-15705 Santiago De Compostela, Spain, Email: nicolas.morales@usc.es; |
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Publisher |
Elsevier Sci Ltd |
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English |
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ISSN |
1359-5113 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
WOS:000390733500029 |
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Call Number |
UAI @ eduardo.moreno @ |
Serial |
685 |
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Author |
Pedrouso, A.; Aiartza, I.; Morales, N.; Vazquez-Padin, J.R.; Rogalla, F.; Campos, J.L.; Mosquera-Corral, A.; del Rio, A.V. |
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Title |
Pilot-scale ELAN (R) process applied to treat primary settled urban wastewater at low temperature via partial nitritation-anammox processes |
Type |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Separation And Purification Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sep. Purif. Technol. |
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Volume |
200 |
Issue |
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Pages |
94-101 |
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Keywords |
Ananunox; Autotrophic nitrogen removal; Granular biomass; Mainstream; Partial nitritation |
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Abstract |
A single stage partial nitritation and anammox granular pilot scale reactor (600 L) was operated to treat primary settled sewage in an urban wastewater treatment plant. The fed wastewater contained low total nitrogen concentrations of 6-25 mg TN/L and the system operated without temperature control ranging from 18 to 12 degrees C. A control strategy, based on the pH value, was applied to stop the aeration supply. The pH set-point was fixed at 6.0 and allowed obtaining a total nitrogen removal efficiency approximately of 50% treating a load of 67 mg TN/(L.d) without the addition of any chemicals. Although nitrite oxidizing bacteria were present in the inoculated sludge, when the pH-based control was implemented (day 30) the ammonium oxidation was favored compared to the nitrite oxidation activity. Then, the system operated stable the rest of the operational period (days 30-94) despite the presence of organic matter in the wastewater and the high variability of nitrogen load and temperature during the operation. Nitrogen was autotrophically removed accomplishing the stringent discharge limits (10 mg TN/L) and nitrate concentrations in the effluent lower than 3 mg NO3--N/L. Both biomass concentration and granules size increased during the operational period indicating the growth of the biomass inside the reactor and therefore the potential treatment capacity. |
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Address |
[Pedrouso, Alba; Aiartza, Irati; Mosquera-Corral, Anuska; Val del Rio, Angeles] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Sch Engn, Dept Chem Engn, E-15705 Santiago De Compostela, Spain, Email: alba.pedrouso@usc.es; |
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Publisher |
Elsevier Science Bv |
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English |
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ISSN |
1383-5866 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
WOS:000431157200012 |
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Call Number |
UAI @ eduardo.moreno @ |
Serial |
855 |
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Author |
Pedrouso, A.; Correa-Galeote, D.; Maza-Marquez, P.; Juarez-Jimenez, B.; Gonzalez-Lopez, J.; Rodelas, B.; Campos, J.L.; Mosquera-Corral, A.; del Rio, A.V.. |
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Title |
Understanding the microbial trends in a nitritation reactor fed with primary settled municipal wastewater |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Separation And Purification Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sep. Purif. Technol. |
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Volume |
256 |
Issue |
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Pages |
117828 |
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Keywords |
Autotrophic nitrogen removal; Free nitrous acid; Low temperature; Mainstream; Nitrite oxidation inhibition |
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Abstract |
Partial nitritation was pointed out as the key step to implement the autotrophic nitrogen removal processes at low temperature. This study investigated the initiation and maintenance of a nitritation process with simultaneous COD removal in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) run at 15 degrees C and fed with primary settled urban wastewater characterized by 42 +/- 10 mg TOC/L and 45 +/- 4 mg NH4+-N/L. A nitrite accumulation ratio of nearly 100% was observed and the long-term (354 days) process stability was successfully maintained despite the municipal wastewater composition fluctuations. The absence of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) activity was attributed to the free nitrous acid (FNA) in-situ accumulated at high levels (0.02-0.20 mg HNO2-N/L). Despite nitrate production was not observed, the quantification of bacterial groups indicated that NOB were present in the SBR sludge throughout the entire operational period. Ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) abundance and community structure were significantly influenced by the organic matter present in the feeding. Average organic matter removal efficiencies of 80% were obtained without observing any detrimental effect over the nitritation process performance, due to the functional redundancy within both the chemoheterotrophic and AOB communities. |
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ISSN |
1383-5866 |
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Notes |
WOS:000675460300011 |
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Call Number |
UAI @ alexi.delcanto @ |
Serial |
1441 |
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Author |
Pedrouso, A.; del Rio, A.V.; Morales, N.; Vazquez-Padin, J.R.; Campos, J.L.; Mosquera-Corral, A. |
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Title |
Mainstream anammox reactor performance treating municipal wastewater and batch study of temperature, pH and organic matter concentration cross-effects |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Process Safety and Environmental Protection |
Abbreviated Journal |
Process Saf. Environ. Protect. |
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Volume |
145 |
Issue |
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Pages |
195-202 |
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Keywords |
Alkalinity; Autotrophic nitrogen removal; Inorganic carbon; Mainstream; Low temperature; Specific anammox activity |
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Abstract |
The anammox process is an energy efficient promising alternative to biologically remove the nitrogen. Thus, a 5-L anammox granular reactor was inoculated with sludge coming from a sidestream partial nitritation and anammox reactor (>200 mg TN/L and 30 degrees C) and it was directly subjected to 15 +/- 1 degrees C treating mimicked municipal wastewater (50 mg TN/L). Results indicated that an acclimation period (commonly used) to progressive reach the mainstream conditions is not needed, shortening the start-up periods. The long-term anammox process stability was proved to treat synthetic wastewater with decreasing alkalinities and nitritified primary settled municipal wastewater. The low pH values (6.2 +/- 0.1) of the municipal wastewater fed did not affect the process stability. Residual organic matter concentrations augmented the nitrogen removal efficiency from 80 % (with the synthetic medium) to 92 % achieving effluent concentrations below 10 mg TN/L. Finally, the effect of pH (6-8), temperature (15-30 degrees C) and organic matter concentration (0-75 mg TOC/L) over the specific anammox activity (SA(Amx)) was evaluated at short-term. pH and temperature and their interactions exerted significant influence on the SAAmx value while the TOC concentrations itself did not significantly change the SA(AMX). (C) 2020 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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ISSN |
0957-5820 |
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Notes |
WOS:000604751700017 |
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Call Number |
UAI @ alexi.delcanto @ |
Serial |
1325 |
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Author |
Pedrouso, A.; Vazquez-Padin, J.R.; Crutchik, D.; Campos, J.L. |
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Title |
Application of Anammox-Based Processes in Urban WWTPs: Are We on the Right Track? |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Processes |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1334 |
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Keywords |
autotrophic nitrogen removal; effluent quality; energy efficiency; mainstream; nitritation; sludge thermal hydrolysis |
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Abstract |
The application of partial nitritation and anammox processes (PN/A) to remove nitrogen can improve the energy efficiency of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) as well as diminish their operational costs. However, there are still several limitations that are preventing the widespread application of PN/A processes in urban WWTPs such as: (a) the loss of performance stability of the PN/A units operated at the sludge line, when the sludge is thermally pretreated to increase biogas production; (b) the proliferation of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in the mainstream; and (c) the maintenance of a suitable effluent quality in the mainstream. In this work, different operational strategies to overcome these limitations were modelled and analyzed. In WWTPs whose sludge is thermically hydrolyzed, the implementation of an anerobic treatment before the PN/A unit is the best alternative, from an economic point of view, to maintain the stable performance of this unit. In order to apply the PN/A process in the mainstream, the growth of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) should be promoted in the sludge line by supplying extra sludge to the anaerobic digesters. The AOB generated would be applied to the water line to partially oxidize ammonia, and the anammox process would then be carried out. Excess nitrate generated by anammox bacteria and/or NOB can be removed by recycling a fraction of the WWTP effluent to the biological reactor to promote its denitrification. |
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2227-9717 |
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WOS:000690228200001 |
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UAI @ alexi.delcanto @ |
Serial |
1453 |
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Author |
Valenzuela-Heredia, D.; Panatt, C:, Belmonte, M.; Franchi, O.; Crutchik, D.; Dumais, J.; Vazquez-Padin, J.R.; Lesty, Y.; Pedrouso, A.; del Rio, A.V.; Mosquera-Corral, A.; Campos, J.L. |
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Performance of a two-stage partial nitritation-anammox system treating the supernatant of a sludge anaerobic digester pretreated by a thermal hydrolysis process |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Chemical Engineering Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chem. Eng. J. |
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Volume |
429 |
Issue |
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Pages |
131301 |
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Keywords |
Ammonium oxidizing bacteria; Autotrophic nitrogen removal; Inhibition; NOB suppression; Operational stability; THP |
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Abstract |
A two-stage system (partial nitritation (PN) and anammox processes) was used to remove nitrogen from the dewatering liquor originating from the thermal hydrolysis/anaerobic digestion (THP/AD) of municipal WWTP sludge. Two strategies were tested to start up the PN reactor: 1) maintaining a fixed hydraulic retention time (HRT) and increasing the ammonium loading rate (ALR) by decreasing the feeding dilution ratio and 2) feeding undiluted dewatering liquor and gradually decreasing the HRT. With diluted feeding, the reactor performance had destabilization episodes that were statistically correlated with the application of high specific ammonium (> 0.6 g NH4+-N/(g TSS.d)) and organic (> 0.7 g COD/(g TSS.d)) loading rates. The second strategy allowed stable PN reactor operation while treating ALR up to 4.8 g NH4+-N/(L.d) and demonstrating that dilution of THP/AD effluents is not required. The operating conditions promoted the presence of free nitrous acid levels (> 0.14 mg HNO2-N/L) inside the PN reactor that inhibited the proliferation of nitrite oxidizing bacteria.
Batch activity tests showed that the inhibitory effects of organic compounds present in the THP/AD dewatering liquor on the ammonia oxidizing bacteria activity can be removed in the PN reactor. Thus, aerobic pretreatment would not be necessary when two-stage systems are used. The PN reactor effluent was successfully treated by an anammox reactor.
An economic analysis showed that using two-stage systems is advantageous for treating THP/AD dewatering liquor. The implementation of an aerobic pre-treatment unit is recommended for WWTPs capacities higher than 5.10(5) inhabitants equivalent when one-stage systems are used. |
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ISSN |
1385-8947 |
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WOS:000722469100005 |
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Call Number |
UAI @ alexi.delcanto @ |
Serial |
1507 |
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