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Beck, A.T.; Ribeiro, L.D.; Valdebenito, M.; Jensen, H. |
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Title |
Risk-Based Design of Regular Plane Frames Subject to Damage by Abnormal Events: A Conceptual Study |
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2022 |
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Journal of Structural Engineering |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Struct. Eng. |
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148 |
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1 |
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04021229 |
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Risk optimization; Progressive collapse; Alternative path method; Discretionary column removal; Structural reliability; Regular frame structures; Optimal design; Probability threshold |
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Abstract |
Constructed facilities should be robust with respect to the loss of load-bearing elements due to abnormal events. Yet, strengthening structures to withstand such damage has a significant impact on construction costs. Strengthening costs should be justified by the threat and should result in smaller expected costs of progressive collapse. In regular frame structures, beams and columns compete for the strengthening budget. In this paper, we present a risk-based formulation to address the optimal design of regular plane frames under element loss conditions. We address the threat probabilities for which strengthening has better cost-benefit than usual design, for different frame configurations, and study the impacts of strengthening extent and cost. The risk-based optimization reveals optimum points of compromise between competing failure modes: local bending of beams, local crushing of columns, and global pancake collapse, for frames of different aspect ratios. The conceptual study is based on a simple analytical model for progressive collapse, but it provides relevant insight for the design and strengthening of real structures. |
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0733-9445 |
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WOS:000719535300021 |
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UAI @ alexi.delcanto @ |
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1493 |
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Author |
Larrain, F.A.; Fuentes-Hernandez, C.; Chang, Y.CH.; Rodriguez-Toro, V.A.; Abraham, S.; Kippelen, B. |
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Title |
Increasing Volume in Conjugated Polymers to Facilitate Electrical Doping with Phosphomolybdic Acid |
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Year |
2021 |
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces |
Abbreviated Journal |
ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces |
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13 |
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19 |
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23260-23267 |
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ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORS; SOLAR-CELLS; CATALYSIS; TRANSPORT; PROGRESS; FILMS; RAMAN |
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Abstract |
Molecular p-type electrical dopants have been proven useful to fine-tune the optoelectronic properties of bulk organic semiconductors and their interfaces. Here, the volume in polymer films and its role in solution-based electrical p-type doping using phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) are studied. The polymer film volume was controlled using two approaches. One is based on heating both the PMA solution and the film prior to immersion. The second is based on coating the polymer film with a liquid blend that contains the PMA solution and a swelling solvent. 31P NMR and FTIR experiments indicate that the Keggin structure appears to be preserved throughout the doping process. Results show that increasing the polymer volume facilitates the infiltration of the PMA Keggin structure, which results in an increased electrical p-type doping level. |
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1944-8244 |
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WOS:000655027500116 |
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UAI @ alexi.delcanto @ |
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1382 |
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