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Moreno, R., Bezerra, B., Rudnick, H., Suazo-Martinez, C., Carvalho, M., Navarro, A., et al. (2020). Distribution Network Rate Making in Latin America. IEEE Power Energy Mag., 18(3), 33–48.
Abstract: Following the trend observed in developed economies, various Latin American governments are committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, particularly in the power sector. In countries such as Chile, Peru, Colombia, Brazil, and Mexico, various regulatory policies have been issued to meet renewable-generation integration targets and satisfy the increasing demand from consumers for supply quality. Meanwhile, the integration of distributed generation (DG) in rural and urban areas as well as the increasing need to integrate electric vehicles (EVs) in urban areas are driving important reforms in the distribution sector.
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Munoz, F. D., Suazo-Martinez, C., Pereira, E., & Moreno, R. (2021). Electricity market design for low-carbon and flexible systems: Room for improvement in Chile. Energy Policy, 148(B), 111997.
Abstract: Chile was the first country that privatized all generation, transmission, and distribution services, and introduced competition in the generation segment. Nearly four decades after its creation, many features of the original electricity market design remain unchanged. In this paper, we provide a brief history of the Chilean electricity market and explain its main limitations going forward. Some of these include the use of a cost-based mechanism for spot transactions based on a merit-order curve, low temporal granularity of spot prices, missing forward markets to settle deviations from day-ahead commitments, inefficient pricing of greenhouse gas emissions due to administrative rules, and a capacity mechanism that does not reflect a clear resource adequacy target. Many of these limitations are also present in other electricity markets in Latin America that, when privatized, mirrored many features of the electricity market design in Chile. Failing to address these limitations will provide distorted incentives for the efficient entry and operation of resources that could impart flexibility to the system, increasing the cost of decarbonizing the power sector.
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Sanchez-Lopez, M., Moreno, R., Alvarado, D., Suazo-Martinez, C., Negrete-Pincetic, M., Olivares, D., et al. (2022). The diverse impacts of COVID-19 on electricity demand: The case of Chile. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., 138, 107883.
Abstract: This paper analyzes the impacts of the first wave of COVID-19 (March 2020 -September 2020) on the electricity demand of different types of consumers in Chile, including residential, commercial, and industrial demand. We leverage data from 230 thousand smart meters of residential and commercial consumers in 32 communes of Santiago (the capital city of Chile), which allows us to investigate the evolution of their demands with an hourly temporal resolution. Additionally, we use demand data of large industrial consumers provided by the Chilean system operator to study the impact of the pandemic on different economic sectors. This paper demonstrates that the COVID-19 pandemic, and the associated containment measures, have featured a drastically different impact on the various types of consumers in Chile. In particular, we show that the demand of residential consumers has increased throughout the first wave, even when we isolate the effects of the pandemic from those related to weather. Furthermore, we study how these effects change in different communes of Santiago, contrasting our findings with the socio-economic levels of the population. In effect, we find different demand response patterns depending on the socio-economic background of consumers. We also show that commercial demand has significantly declined due to the containment measures implemented and that the hospitality and construction economic sectors have been the most affected in the country.
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