Ruz, G. A., & Goles, E. (2013). Learning gene regulatory networks using the bees algorithm. Neural Comput. Appl., 22(1), 63–70.
Abstract: Learning gene regulatory networks under the threshold Boolean network model is presented. To accomplish this, the swarm intelligence technique called the bees algorithm is formulated to learn networks with predefined attractors. The resulting technique is compared with simulated annealing through simulations. The ability of the networks to preserve the attractors when the updating schemes is changed from parallel to sequential is analyzed as well. Results show that Boolean networks are not very robust when the updating scheme is changed. Robust networks were found only for limit cycle length equal to two and specific network topologies. Throughout the simulations, the bees algorithm outperformed simulated annealing, showing the effectiveness of this swarm intelligence technique for this particular application.
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Ruz, G. A., Goles, E., Montalva, M., & Fogel, G. B. (2014). Dynamical and topological robustness of the mammalian cell cycle network: A reverse engineering approach. Biosystems, 115, 23–32.
Abstract: A common gene regulatory network model is the threshold Boolean network, used for example to model the Arabidopsis thaliana floral morphogenesis network or the fission yeast cell cycle network. In this paper, we analyze a logical model of the mammalian cell cycle network and its threshold Boolean network equivalent. Firstly, the robustness of the network was explored with respect to update perturbations, in particular, what happened to the attractors for all the deterministic updating schemes. Results on the number of different limit cycles, limit cycle lengths, basin of attraction size, for all the deterministic updating schemes were obtained through mathematical and computational tools. Secondly, we analyzed the topology robustness of the network, by reconstructing synthetic networks that contained exactly the same attractors as the original model by means of a swarm intelligence approach. Our results indicate that networks may not be very robust given the great variety of limit cycles that a network can obtain depending on the updating scheme. In addition, we identified an omnipresent network with interactions that match with the original model as well as the discovery of new interactions. The techniques presented in this paper are general, and can be used to analyze other logical or threshold Boolean network models of gene regulatory networks. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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