Picozzi, A., & Rica, S. (2012). Condensation of classical optical waves beyond the cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation. Opt. Commun., 285(24), 5440–5448.
Abstract: A completely classical nonlinear wave is known to exhibit a process of condensation whose thermodynamic properties are analogous to those of the genuine Bose-Einstein condensation. So far this phenomenon of wave condensation has been studied essentially in the framework of the nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation with a pure cubic Kerr nonlinearity. We study wave condensation by considering two representative generalizations of the NLS equation that are relevant to the context of nonlinear optics, the nonlocal nonlinearity and the saturable nonlinearity. For both cases we derive analytical expressions of the condensate fraction in the weakly and the strongly nonlinear regime. The theory is found in quantitative agreement with the numerical simulations of the generalized NLS equations, without adjustable parameters. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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