Baraneedharan, P., Shankari, D., Arulraj, A., Sephra, P. J., Mangalaraja, R. V., & Khalid, M. (2023). Nanoengineering of MXene-Based Field-Effect Transistor Gas Sensors: Advancements in Next-Generation Electronic Devices. J. Electrochem. Soc., 180(10), 107501.
Abstract: In recent years, Two-Dimensional (2D) materials have gained significant attention for their distinctive physical and chemical properties, positioning them as promising contenders for the next generation of electronic technologies. One notable group within these materials is MXenes, which have exhibited remarkable breakthroughs across various technological domains, including catalysis, renewable energy, electronics, sensors, fuel cells, and supercapacitors. By making subtle modifications to the surface termination, introducing metal ions, precise etching timing, and applying surface functionalization, the characteristics of MXenes can be fine-tuned to achieve desired band structures, rendering them suitable for sensor design. This review focuses on the strategic development of gas sensors based on Field-Effect Transistors (FETs), thoroughly examining the latest progress in MXene-based material design and addressing associated challenges and future prospects. The review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of MXene, summarizing its current applications and advancements in FET-based gas sensing.
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Pabba, D. P., Satthiyaraju, M., Ramasdoss, A., Sakthivel, P., Chidhambaram, N., Dhanabalan, S., et al. (2023). MXene-Based Nanocomposites for Piezoelectric and Triboelectric Energy Harvesting Applications. Micromachines, 14(6), 1273.
Abstract: Due to its superior advantages in terms of electronegativity, metallic conductivity, mechanical flexibility, customizable surface chemistry, etc., 2D MXenes for nanogenerators have demonstrated significant progress. In order to push scientific design strategies for the practical application of nanogenerators from the viewpoints of the basic aspect and recent advancements, this systematic review covers the most recent developments of MXenes for nanogenerators in its first section. In the second section, the importance of renewable energy and an introduction to nanogenerators, major classifications, and their working principles are discussed. At the end of this section, various materials used for energy harvesting and frequent combos of MXene with other active materials are described in detail together with the essential framework of nanogenerators. In the third, fourth, and fifth sections, the materials used for nanogenerators, MXene synthesis along with its properties, and MXene nanocomposites with polymeric materials are discussed in detail with the recent progress and challenges for their use in nanogenerator applications. In the sixth section, a thorough discussion of the design strategies and internal improvement mechanisms of MXenes and the composite materials for nanogenerators with 3D printing technologies are presented. Finally, we summarize the key points discussed throughout this review and discuss some thoughts on potential approaches for nanocomposite materials based on MXenes that could be used in nanogenerators for better performance.
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Talreja, N., Ashfaq, M., Chauhan, D., & Mangalaraja, R. V. (2023). Cu-MXene: A potential biocide for the next-generation biomedical application. Mater. Chem. Phys., 294, 127029.
Abstract: Bacterial resistance in humans led to infectious diseases, one of the global health concerns. Therefore, developing newer biocidal material that combats such associated issues with existing antibiotics molecules is needed. In this aspect, the present study focuses on synthesizing the MXene and Cu-MXene materials for efficient antibacterial activity. The prepared MXene and Cu-MXene materials showed high biocompatibility against erythrocyte cells. The Cu-MXene materials showed superior antibacterial activity against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli (E. coli)) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)) bacterial strains. It was observed that the prepared Cu-MXene materials had an intermediate antibiotic activity with high biocompatibility. Moreover, incorporating Cu within the inter-layered spacing of MXene might enhance the antibacterial activity. Therefore, the prepared MXene and Cu-MXene materials can be used against bacterial strains and safely in biomedical applications.
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Talreja, N., Ashfaq, M., Chauhan, D., & Mangalaraja, R. V. (2023). PVP encapsulated MXene coated on PET surface (PMP)-based photocatalytic materials: A novel photo-responsive assembly for the removal of tetracycline. Environ. Res., 233, 116439.
Abstract: Tetracycline (TC) antibiotic that is effective against wide-range micro-organisms, thereby used to control bacterial infection. The partial metabolism of TC antibiotics in humans and animals leads to the contamination of TC in the environments like water bodies. Thus, requirements to treat/remove/degrade TC antibiotics from the water bodies to control environmental pollution. In this context, this study focuses on fabricating PVP-MXenePET (PMP) based photo-responsive materials to degrade TC antibiotics from the water. Initially, MXene (Ti2CTx) was synthesized using a simple etching process from the MAX phase (Ti3AlC2). The synthesized MXene was encapsulated using PVP and cast onto the surface of PET to fabricate PMP-based photo-responsive materials. The rough surface and micron/nano-sized pores within the PMP-based photo-responsive materials might be improved the photo-degradation of TC antibiotics. The synthesized PMP-based photo-responsive materials were tested against the photo-degradation of TC antibiotics. The band gap value of the MXene and PMP-based photoresponsive materials was calculated to be -1.23 and 1.67 eV. Incorporating PVP within the MXene increased the band gap value, which might be beneficial for the photo-degradation of TC, as the minimum band gap value should be -1.23 eV or more for photocatalytic application. The highest photo-degradation of -83% was achieved using PMP-based photo-degradation at 0.1 mg/L of TC. Furthermore, -99.71% of photo-degradation of TC antibiotics was accomplished at pH -10. Therefore, the fabricated PMP-based photo-responsive materials might be next-generation devices/materials that efficiently degrade TC antibiotics from the water.
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