Carbonnel, C., Romero, M., & Zivny, S. (2022). The Complexity of General-Valued Constraint Satisfaction Problems Seen from the Other Side. SIAM J. Comput., 51(1), 19–69.
Abstract: The constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) is concerned with homomorphisms between two structures. For CSPs with restricted left-hand-side structures, the results of Dalmau, Languages and Programming, Springer, New York, 2007, pp. 279--290] establish the precise borderline of polynomial-time solvability (subject to complexity-theoretic assumptions) and of solvability by bounded-consistency algorithms (unconditionally) as bounded treewidth modulo homomorphic equivalence. The general-valued constraint satisfaction problem (VCSP) is a generalization of the CSP concerned with homomorphisms between two valued structures. For VCSPs with restricted left-hand-side valued structures, we establish the precise borderline of polynomial-time solvability (subject to complexity-theoretic assumptions) and of solvability by the kth level of the Sherali--Adams LP hierarchy (unconditionally). We also obtain results on related problems concerned with finding a solution and recognizing the tractable cases; the latter has an application in database theory.
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Kosowski, A., Li, B., Nisse, N., & Suchan, K. (2015). k-Chordal Graphs: From Cops and Robber to Compact Routing via Treewidth. Algorithmica, 72(3), 758–777.
Abstract: Cops and robber games, introduced by Winkler and Nowakowski (in Discrete Math. 43(2-3), 235-239, 1983) and independently defined by Quilliot (in J. Comb. Theory, Ser. B 38(1), 89-92, 1985), concern a team of cops that must capture a robber moving in a graph. We consider the class of k-chordal graphs, i.e., graphs with no induced (chordless) cycle of length greater than k, ka parts per thousand yen3. We prove that k-1 cops are always sufficient to capture a robber in k-chordal graphs. This leads us to our main result, a new structural decomposition for a graph class including k-chordal graphs. We present a polynomial-time algorithm that, given a graph G and ka parts per thousand yen3, either returns an induced cycle larger than k in G, or computes a tree-decomposition of G, each bag of which contains a dominating path with at most k-1 vertices. This allows us to prove that any k-chordal graph with maximum degree Delta has treewidth at most (k-1)(Delta-1)+2, improving the O(Delta(Delta-1) (k-3)) bound of Bodlaender and Thilikos (Discrete Appl. Math. 79(1-3), 45-61, 1997. Moreover, any graph admitting such a tree-decomposition has small hyperbolicity). As an application, for any n-vertex graph admitting such a tree-decomposition, we propose a compact routing scheme using routing tables, addresses and headers of size O(klog Delta+logn) bits and achieving an additive stretch of O(klog Delta). As far as we know, this is the first routing scheme with O(klog Delta+logn)-routing tables and small additive stretch for k-chordal graphs.
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Li, B., Moataz, F. Z., Nisse, N., & Suchan, K. (2018). Minimum size tree-decompositions. Discret Appl. Math., 245, 109–127.
Abstract: We study in this paper the problem of computing a tree-decomposition of a graph with width at most k and minimum number of bags. More precisely, we focus on the following problem: given a fixed k >= 1, what is the complexity of computing a tree-decomposition of width at most k with minimum number of bags in the class of graphs with treewidth at most k? We prove that the problem is NP-complete for any fixed k >= 4 and polynomial for k <= 2; for k = 3, we show that it is polynomial in the class of trees and 2-connected outerplanar graphs. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Liedloff, M., Montealegre, P., & Todinca, I. (2019). Beyond Classes of Graphs with “Few” Minimal Separators: FPT Results Through Potential Maximal Cliques. Algorithmica, 81(3), 986–1005.
Abstract: Let P(G,X) be a property associating a boolean value to each pair (G,X) where G is a graph and X is a vertex subset. Assume that P is expressible in counting monadic second order logic (CMSO) and let t be an integer constant. We consider the following optimization problem: given an input graph G=(V,E), find subsets XFV such that the treewidth of G[F] is at most t, property P(G[F],X) is true and X is of maximum size under these conditions. The problem generalizes many classical algorithmic questions, e.g., Longest Induced Path, Maximum Induced Forest, IndependentH-Packing, etc. Fomin et al. (SIAM J Comput 44(1):54-87, 2015) proved that the problem is polynomial on the class of graph Gpoly, i.e. the graphs having at most poly(n) minimal separators for some polynomial poly. Here we consider the class Gpoly+kv, formed by graphs of Gpoly to which we add a set of at most k vertices with arbitrary adjacencies, called modulator. We prove that the generic optimization problem is fixed parameter tractable on Gpoly+kv, with parameter k, if the modulator is also part of the input.
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