Barroso, L., Munoz, F. D., Bezerra, B., Rudnick, H., & Cunha, G. (2021). Zero-Marginal-Cost Electricity Market Designs: Lessons Learned From Hydro Systems in Latin America Might Be Applicable for Decarbonization. IEEE Power Energy Mag., 19(1), 64–73.
Abstract: Large reductions in the cost of renewable energy technologies, particularly wind and solar, as well as various instruments used to achieve decarbonization targets (e.g., renewable mandates, renewable auctions, subsidies, and carbon pricing mechanisms) are driving the rapid growth of investments in these generation technologies worldwide.
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Nasirov, S., Girard, A., Pena, C., Salazar, F., & Simon, F. (2021). Expansion of renewable energy in Chile: Analysis of the effects on employment. Energy, 226, 120410.
Abstract: Over the last few years, Chile has witnessed an extraordinary energy transformation that has turned the country into one of the largest renewable energy markets in South America. This study examines the impact of renewable energy (RE) technologies from the perspective of job creation opportunities in Chile. For this purpose, the study introduces an analytical assessment model that will be used to assess the direct impacts on employment generated by several policy scenarios aimed at reducing CO2 emissions. The direct impacts on employment in Chile were calculated up to 2026 according to three energy scenarios constructed using the SWITCH-Chile energy model. The empirical results show that RE technologies (solar PV, wind, hydro) can generate more employment per unit of energy than coal and natural gas. According to the scenario projecting the largest reduction of CO2 emissions, which features a dominant participation of renewable energies, up to 20,958 jobs can be created in the Chilean energy sector by 2026. The proposed model can be used to design energy programs as a direct stimulus of employment in the RE industry. Furthermore, policy recommendations are provided based on the results to effectively address changes in employment perspectives for the RE industry. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Navarro, J. M., Duarte, C., Manriquez, P. H., Lardies, M. A., Torres, R., Acuna, K., et al. (2016). Ocean warming and elevated carbon dioxide: multiple stressor impacts on juvenile mussels from southern Chile. ICES J. Mar. Sci., 73(3), 764–771.
Abstract: The combined effect of increased ocean warming and elevated carbon dioxide in seawater is expected to have significant physiological and ecological consequences at many organizational levels of the marine ecosystem. In the present study, juvenile mussels Mytilus chilensis were reared for 80 din a factorial combination of two temperatures (12 and 16 degrees C) and three pCO(2) levels (380, 700, and 1000 μatm). We investigated the combined effects of increasing seawater temperature and pCO(2) on the physiological performance (i.e. feeding, metabolism, and growth). Lower clearance rate (CR) occurred at the highest pCO(2) concentration (1000 μatm) compared with the control (380 μatm) and with the intermediate concentration of pCO(2) (700 μatm). Conversely, CR was significantly higher at 16 degrees C than at 12 degrees C. Significant lower values of oxygen uptake were observed in mussels exposed to 1000 μatm pCO(2) level compared with those exposed to 380 μatm pCO(2). Scope for growth (SFG) was significantly lower at the highest pCO(2) concentration compared with the control. Mussels exposed to 700 μatm pCO(2) did not show significantly different SFG from the other two pCO(2) treatments. SFG was significantly higher at 16 degrees C than at 12 degrees C. This might be explained because the experimental mussels were exposed to temperatures experienced in their natural environment, which are within the range of thermal tolerance of the species. Our results suggest that the temperature rise within the natural range experienced by M. chilensis generates a positive effect on the processes related with energy gain (i.e. feeding and absorption) to be allocated to growth. In turn, the increase in the pCO(2) level of 1000 μatm, independent of temperature, adversely affects this species, with significantly reduced energy allocated to growth (SFG) compared with the control treatment.
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