Concha-Vega, P., Goles, E., Montealegre, P., Rios-Wilson, M., & Santivanez, J. (2022). Introducing the activity parameter for elementary cellular automata. Int. J. Mod Phys. C, 33(09), 2250121.
Abstract: Given an elementary cellular automaton (ECA) with local transition rule R, two different types of local transitions are identified: the ones in which a cell remains in its current state, called inactive transitions, and the ones in which the cell changes its current state, which are called active transitions. The number of active transitions of a rule is called its activity value. Based on latter identification, a rule R-1 is called a sub-rule of R-2 if the set of active transitions of R-1 is a subset of the active transitions of R-2.
In this paper, the notion of sub-rule for elementary cellular automata is introduced and explored: first, we consider a lattice that illustrates relations of nonequivalent elementary cellular automata according to nearby sub-rules. Then, we introduce statistical measures that allow us to compare rules and sub-rules. Finally, we explore the possible similarities in the dynamics of a rule with respect to its sub-rules, obtaining both empirical and theoretical results.
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Goles, E., Lobos, F., Montealegre, P., Ruivo, E. L. P., & de Oliveira, P. P. B. (2020). Computational Complexity of the Stability Problem for Elementary Cellular Automata. J. Cell. Autom., 15(4), 261–304.
Abstract: Given an elementary cellular automaton and a cell v, we define the stability decision problem as the determination of whether or not the state of cell v will ever change, at least once, during the time evolution of the rule, over a finite input configuration. Here, we perform the study of the entire elementary cellular automata rule space, for the two possible decision cases of the problem, namely, changes in v from state 0 to 1 (0 -> 1), and the other way round (1 -> 0). Out of the 256 elementary cellular automata, we show that for all of them, at least one of the two decision problems is in the NC complexity class.
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Goles, E., Montalva-Medel, M., MacLean, S., & Mortveit, H. (2018). Block Invariance in a Family of Elementary Cellular Automata. J. Cell. Autom., 13(1-2), 15–32.
Abstract: We study the steady state invariance of elementary cellular automata (ECA) under different deterministic updating schemes. Specifically, we study a family of eleven ECA whose steady state invariance were left under conjecture in [2].
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Goles, E., Montalva-Medel, M., Mortveit, H., & Ramirez-Flandes, S. (2015). Block Invariance in Elementary Cellular Automata. J. Cell. Autom., 10(1-2), 119–135.
Abstract: Consider an elementary cellular automaton (ECA) under periodic boundary conditions. Given an arbitrary partition of the set of vertices we consider the block updating, i.e. the automaton's local function is applied from the first to the last set of the partition such that vertices belonging to the same set are updated synchronously. The automaton is said block-invariant if the set of periodic configurations is independent of the choice of the block updating. When the sets of the partition are singletons we have the sequential updating: vertices are updated one by one following a permutation pi. In [5] the authors analyzed the pi-invariance of the 2(8) = 256 possible ECA rules (or the 88 non-redundant rules subset). Their main result was that for all n > 3, exactly 41 of these non-redundant rules are pi-invariant. In this paper we determine the subset of these 41 rules that are block invariant. More precisely, for all n > 3, exactly 15 of these rules are block invariant. Moreover, we deduce that block invariance also implies that the attractor structure itself is independent of the choice of the block update.
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Goles, E., Moreira, A., & Rapaport, I. (2011). Communication complexity in number-conserving and monotone cellular automata. Theor. Comput. Sci., 412(29), 3616–3628.
Abstract: One third of the elementary cellular automata (CAs) are either number-conserving (NCCAs) or monotone (increasing or decreasing). In this paper we prove that, for all of them, we can find linear or constant communication protocols for the prediction problem. In other words, we are able to give a succinct description for their dynamics. This is not necessarily true for general NCCAs. In fact, we also show how to explicitly construct, from any CA, a new NCCA which preserves the original communication complexity. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Perrot, K., Montalva-Medel, M., de Oliveira, P. P. B., & Ruivo, E. L. P. (2020). Maximum sensitivity to update schedules of elementary cellular automata over periodic configurations. Nat. Comput., 19(1), 51–90.
Abstract: This work is a thoughtful extension of the ideas sketched in Montalva et al. (AUTOMATA 2017 exploratory papers proceedings, 2017), aiming at classifying elementary cellular automata (ECA) according to their maximal one-step sensitivity to changes in the schedule of cells update. It provides a complete classification of the ECA rule space for all period sizes n[ 9 and, together with the classification for all period sizes n <= 9 presented in Montalva et al. (Chaos Solitons Fractals 113:209-220, 2018), closes this problem and opens further questionings. Most of the 256 ECA rule's sensitivity is proved or disproved to be maximum thanks to an automatic application of basic methods. We formalize meticulous case disjunctions that lead to the results, and patch failing cases for some rules with simple arguments. This gives new insights on the dynamics of ECA rules depending on the proof method employed, as for the last rules 45 and 105 requiring o0011THORN induction patterns.
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