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Chadwick, C., Babonneau, F., Homem-de-Mello, T., & Letelier, A. (2024). Synthetic Simulation of Spatially-Correlated Streamflows: Weighted-Modified Fractional Gaussian Noise. Water Resour. Res., 60(2), e2023WR035371.
Abstract: Stochastic methods have been typically used for the design and operations of hydraulic infrastructure. They allow decision makers to evaluate existing or new infrastructure under different possible scenarios, giving them the flexibility and tools needed in decision making. In this paper, we present a novel stochastic streamflow simulation approach able to replicate both temporal and spatial dependencies from the original data in a multi-site basin context. The proposed model is a multi-site extension of the modified Fractional Gaussian Noise (mFGN) model which is well-known to be efficient to maintain periodic correlation for several time lags, but presents shortcomings in preserving the spatial correlation. Our method, called Weighted-mFGN (WmFGN), incorporates spatial dependency into streamflows simulated with mFGN by relying on the Cholesky decomposition of the spatial correlation matrix of the historical streamflow records. As the order in which the decomposition steps are performed (temporal then spatial, or vice-versa) affects the performance in terms of preserving the temporal and spatial correlation, our method searches for an optimal convex combination of the resulting correlation matrices. The result is a Pareto-curve that indicates the optimal weights of the convex combination depending on the importance given by the user to spatial and temporal correlations. The model is applied to a number of river basins in Chile, where the results show that the WmFGN approach maintains the qualities of the single-site mFGN, while significantly improving spatial correlation.
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Tiwari, A. K., Suozzi, E., Silva, C., De Maio, M., & Zanetti, M. (2021). Role of Integrated Approaches in Water Resources Management: Antofagasta Region, Chile. Sustainability, 13(3), 1297.
Abstract: Water is essential for the survival of all living beings and plays a significant role in the growth of any country ' s economy. At present, water depletion and pollution are a serious challenge due to anthropogenic, geogenic and climate change activities worldwide, including in Chile. The Antofagasta region is located in northern Chile and is the heart of its mining industry, playing a significant role in the country ' s economy. The Antofagasta region ' s main challenge is water shortage and contamination. Due to it, the region ' s local population is facing major difficulties in obtaining the necessary water for domestic, industrial, irrigation, and other uses. Therefore, a water resources management plan is essential for the region to maintain a sustainable environment. Considering the above points, significant parameters, such as slope, aspect, elevation, hillshade, drainage, drainage density and river basin-maps of the Antofagasta region prepared using the digital elevation model (DEM) data in geographic information system (GIS) environment. Besides, a pollution risk level assessment of the study area ' s cities/villages done using GIS application. The important created maps and the identification of pollution risk of cities/villages of the present study could provide significant information to policymakers and help them make a suitable water management plan for the area.
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