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Martel, S. I., Fernandez, C., Lagos, N. A., Labra, F. A., Duarte, C., Vivanco, J. F., et al. (2022). Acidification and high-temperature impacts on energetics and shell production of the edible clam Ameghinomya antiqua. Front. Mar. Sci., 9, 972135.
Abstract: Warming and ocean acidification are currently critical global change drivers for marine ecosystems due to their complex and irreversible effects on the ecology and evolution of marine communities. Changes in the chemistry and the temperature of the ocean impact the biological performance of marine resources by affecting their energy budget and thus imposing energetic restrictions and trade-offs on their survival, growth, and reproduction. In this study, we evaluated the interplaying effects of increased pCO(2) levels and temperature on the economically relevant clam Ameghinomya antiqua, an infaunal bivalve inhabiting a wide distributional range along the coast of Chile. Juvenile clams collected from southern Chile were exposed to a 90-day experimental set-up emulating the current and a future scenario projeced to the end of the current century for both high pCO(2)/low-pH and temperature (10 and 15 degrees C) projected for the Chilean coast. Clams showed physiological plasticity to different projected environmental scenarios without mortality. In addition, our results showed that the specimens under low-pH conditions were not able to meet the energetic requirements when increased temperature imposed high maintenance costs, consequently showing metabolic depression. Indeed, although the calcification rate was negative in the high-pCO(2) scenario, it was the temperature that determined the amount of shell loss. These results indicate that the studied clam can face environmental changes for short-term periods modifying energetic allocation on maintenance and growth processes, but with possible long-term population costs, endangering the sustainability of an important benthic artisanal fisheries resource.
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Navarro, J. M., Duarte, C., Manriquez, P. H., Lardies, M. A., Torres, R., Acuna, K., et al. (2016). Ocean warming and elevated carbon dioxide: multiple stressor impacts on juvenile mussels from southern Chile. ICES J. Mar. Sci., 73(3), 764–771.
Abstract: The combined effect of increased ocean warming and elevated carbon dioxide in seawater is expected to have significant physiological and ecological consequences at many organizational levels of the marine ecosystem. In the present study, juvenile mussels Mytilus chilensis were reared for 80 din a factorial combination of two temperatures (12 and 16 degrees C) and three pCO(2) levels (380, 700, and 1000 μatm). We investigated the combined effects of increasing seawater temperature and pCO(2) on the physiological performance (i.e. feeding, metabolism, and growth). Lower clearance rate (CR) occurred at the highest pCO(2) concentration (1000 μatm) compared with the control (380 μatm) and with the intermediate concentration of pCO(2) (700 μatm). Conversely, CR was significantly higher at 16 degrees C than at 12 degrees C. Significant lower values of oxygen uptake were observed in mussels exposed to 1000 μatm pCO(2) level compared with those exposed to 380 μatm pCO(2). Scope for growth (SFG) was significantly lower at the highest pCO(2) concentration compared with the control. Mussels exposed to 700 μatm pCO(2) did not show significantly different SFG from the other two pCO(2) treatments. SFG was significantly higher at 16 degrees C than at 12 degrees C. This might be explained because the experimental mussels were exposed to temperatures experienced in their natural environment, which are within the range of thermal tolerance of the species. Our results suggest that the temperature rise within the natural range experienced by M. chilensis generates a positive effect on the processes related with energy gain (i.e. feeding and absorption) to be allocated to growth. In turn, the increase in the pCO(2) level of 1000 μatm, independent of temperature, adversely affects this species, with significantly reduced energy allocated to growth (SFG) compared with the control treatment.
Keywords: high CO2; multiple stressors; mussels; ocean warming; scope for growth; thermal window
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