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Chaigneau, S. E., Canessa, E., Lenci, A., & Devereux, B. (2020). Eliciting semantic properties: methods and applications. Cogn. Process., 21(4), 583–586.
Abstract: Asking subjects to list semantic properties for concepts is essential for predicting performance in several linguistic and non-linguistic tasks and for creating carefully controlled stimuli for experiments. The property elicitation task and the ensuing norms are widely used across the field, to investigate the organization of semantic memory and design computational models thereof. The contributions of the current Special Topic discuss several core issues concerning how semantic property norms are constructed and how they may be used for research aiming at understanding cognitive processing.
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Cho, A. D., Carrasco, R. A., Ruz, G. A., & Ortiz, J. L. (2020). Slow Degradation Fault Detection in a Harsh Environment. IEEE Access, 8, 175904–175920.
Abstract: The ever increasing challenges posed by the science projects in astronomy have skyrocketed the complexity of the new generation telescopes. Due to the climate and sky requirements, these high precision instruments are generally located in remote areas, suffering from the harsh environments around it. These modern telescopes not only produce massive amounts of scientific data, but they also generate an enormous amount of operational information. The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is one of these unique instruments, generating more than 50 Gb of operational data every day while functioning in conditions of extreme dryness and altitude. To maintain the array working under extreme conditions, the engineering teams must check over 130,000 monitoring points, combing through the massive datasets produced every day. To make this possible, predictive tools are needed to identify, hopefully beforehand, the occurrence of failures in all the different subsystems.
This work presents a novel fault detection scheme for one of these subsystems, the Intermediate Frequency Processors (IFP). This subsystem is critical to process the information gathered by each antenna and communicate it, reliably, to the correlator for processing. Our approach is based on echo state networks, a configuration of artificial neural networks, used to learn and predict the signal patterns. These patterns are later compared to the actual signal, to identify failure modes. Additional preprocessing techniques were also added since the signal-to-noise ratio of the data used was very low.
The proposed scheme was tested in over seven years of data from 132 IFPs at ALMA, showing an accuracy of over 70%. Furthermore, the detection was done several months earlier, on average, when compared to what human operators did. These results help the maintenance procedures, increasing reliability while reducing humans' exposure to the harsh environment where the antennas are. Although applied to a specific fault, this technique is broad enough to be applied to other types of faults and settings.
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Colini-Baldeschi, R., Cominetti, R., Mertikopoulos, P., & Scarsini, M. (2020). When Is Selfish Routing Bad? The Price of Anarchy in Light and Heavy Traffic. Oper. Res., 68(2), 411–434.
Abstract: This paper examines the behavior of the price of anarchy as a function of the traffic inflow in nonatomic congestion games with multiple origin/destination (O/D) pairs. Empirical studies in real-world networks show that the price of anarchy is close to 1 in both light and heavy traffic, thus raising the following question: can these observations be justified theoretically? We first show that this is not always the case: the price of anarchy may remain a positive distance away from 1 for all values of the traffic inflow, even in simple three-link networks with a single O/D pair and smooth, convex costs. On the other hand, for a large class of cost functions (including all polynomials) and inflow patterns, the price of anarchy does converge to 1 in both heavy and light traffic, irrespective of the network topology and the number of O/D pairs in the network. We also examine the rate of convergence of the price of anarchy, and we show that it follows a power law whose degree can be computed explicitly when the network's cost functions are polynomials.
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Comisso, L., & Asenjo, F. A. (2020). Generalized magnetofluid connections in a curved spacetime. Phys. Rev. D, 102(2), 8 pp.
Abstract: The ideal magnetohydrodynamic theorem on the conservation of the magnetic connections between plasma elements is extended to nonideal relativistic plasmas in curved spacetime. The existence of generalized magnetofluid connections that are preserved by the plasma dynamics is formalized by means of a covariant connection equation that includes different nonideal effects. These generalized connections are constituted by 2-dimensional hypersurfaces, which are linked to an antisymmetric tensor field that unifies the electromagnetic and fluid fields. They can be interpreted in terms of generalized magnetofluid vorticity field lines by considering a 3 + 1 foliation of spacetime and a time resetting projection that compensates for the loss of simultaneity between spatially separated events. The worldshects of the generalized magnetofluid vorticity field lines play a fundamental role in the plasma dynamics by prohibiting evolutions that do not preserve the magnetofluid connectivity.
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Concha-Riedel, J., Antico, F.C., Araya-Letelier, G. (2020). Mechanical and damage similarities of adobe blocks reinforced with natural and industrial fibres. Materia, 25(4), 11pp.
Abstract: Adobe is an earthen-based material that consists of the use of a clayey soil and, most of the times, straw fibres to manufacture blocks that are afterwards sundried. This study reviews the use of three types of fibres:
vegetal, industrial and animal, for the manufacture of adobe blocks. Overall, all the fibres increase at least one order of magnitude the impact strength of plain adobe blocks and reduced the shrinkage cracking of adobe plasters in at least 50% with respect to plain adobe. Compressive and flexural strength average values were not increased nor decreased by the addition of fibres. The intrinsic variability of the mechanical properties of plain adobe persists with any of the fibres tested in this study. Based on the findings of this study, we recommend using jute fibres with a dosage of 0.5% and a length of 30 mm.
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Contreras, J. P., Bosch, P., Varas, M., & Basso, F. (2020). A New Genetic Algorithm Encoding for Coalition Structure Generation Problems. Math. Probl. Eng., 2020, 13 pp.
Abstract: Genetic algorithms have proved to be a useful improvement heuristic for tackling several combinatorial problems, including the coalition structure generation problem. In this case, the focus lies on selecting the best partition from a discrete set. A relevant issue when designing a Genetic algorithm for coalition structure generation problems is to choose a proper genetic encoding that enables an efficient computational implementation. In this paper, we present a novel hybrid encoding, and we compare its performance against several genetic encoding proposed in the literature. We show that even in difficult instances of the coalition structure generation problem, the proposed approach is a competitive alternative to obtaining good quality solutions in reasonable computing times. Furthermore, we also show that the encoding relevance increases as the number of players increases.
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Contreras, M., Echeverria, J., Pena, J. P., & Villena, M. (2020). Resonance phenomena in option pricing with arbitrage. Physica A, 540, 21 pp.
Abstract: In this paper, we want to report an interesting resonance phenomena that appears in option pricing, when the presence of arbitrage is incorporated explicitly into the Black-Scholes model. In Contreras et al. (2010), the authors after analyse empirical financial data, determines that the mispricing between the empirical and the Black-Scholes prices can be described by Heaviside type function (called an arbitrage bubble there). These bubbles are characterised by a finite time span and an amplitude which measures the price deviation from the Black-Scholes model. After that, in Contreras et al. (2010), the Black-Scholes equation is generalised to incorporates explicitly these arbitrage bubbles, which generates an interaction potential that changes the usual Black-Scholes free dynamics completely. However, an interesting phenomena appears when the amplitude of the arbitrage bubble is equal to the volatility parameter of the Black-Scholes model: in that case, the potential becomes infinite, and option pricing decrease abruptly to zero. We analyse this limit behaviour for two situations: a European and a barrier option. Also, we perform an analytic study of the propagator in each case, to understand the cause of the resonance. We think that it resonance phenomena could to help to understand the origin of certain financial crisis in the option pricing area. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Crutchik, D., Franchi, O., Caminos, L., Jeison, D., Belmonte, M., Pedrouso, A., et al. (2020). Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) Production: A Feasible Economic Option for the Treatment of Sewage Sludge in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants? Water, 12(4), 12 pp.
Abstract: Sludge is a by-product of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and its management contributes significantly to the operating costs. Large WWTPs usually have anaerobic sludge digesters to valorize sludge as methane and to reduce its mass. However, the low methane market price opens the possibility for generating other high value-added products from the organic matter in sludge, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). In this work, the economic feasibility of retrofitting two types of WWTPs to convert them into biofactories of crude PHAs was studied. Two cases were analyzed: (a) a large WWTP with anaerobic sludge digestion; and (b) a small WWTP where sludge is only dewatered. In a two-stage PHA-production system (biomass enrichment plus PHAs accumulation), the minimum PHAs cost would be 1.26 and 2.26 US$/kg PHA-crude for the large and small WWTPs, respectively. In a single-stage process, where a fraction of the secondary sludge (25%) is directly used to accumulate PHAs, the production costs would decrease by around 15.9% (small WWTPs) and 19.0% (large WWTPs), since capital costs associated with bioreactors decrease. Sensitivity analysis showed that the PHA/COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) yield is the most crucial parameter affecting the production costs. The energy, methane, and sludge management prices also have an essential effect on the production costs, and their effect depends on the WWTP's size.
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Crutchik, D., Rodriguez-Valdecantos, G., Bustos, G., Bravo, J., Gonzalez, B., & Pabon-Pereira, C. (2020). Vermiproductivity, maturation and microbiological changes derived from the use of liquid anaerobic digestate during the vermicomposting of market waste. Water Sci. Technol., 82(9), 1781–1794.
Abstract: Recently, it has been suggested that the liquid fraction of anaerobic digestate, derived from the treatment of wastewater and solid wastes, could be used in vermicomposting as a solution to its disposal, and even for its valorization. Nevertheless, the literature does not provide enough information about its impact on the process of vermicomposting itself and on the final quality of the end-product. In this study, the effect of different doses of digestate in the vermicomposting process treating market waste is assessed measuring earthworm population dynamics, the bacterial community succession present in the vermibeds, as well as maturation and the end-quality of the vermicompost. Our results show that the addition of liquid digestate to the vermibeds increased the earthworms biomass, i.e. 71%, 94% and 168% in control, and vermibeds with 30% and 60% digestate, respectively. Further, the increase in the amount of N in the vermicompost decreased as the digestate addition increased, i.e. 75%, 8%, 3%. The maturity achieved was high in all treatments as shown by the C/N ratio, 7.98, 7.40 and 10.20, and the high seed germination rate, above 90%. Finally, the succession of the microbial community was not disturbed and compositional stabilization was reached after 92 days.
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Crutchik, D., Rodriguez-Valdecantos, G., Bustos, G., Bravo, J., Gonzalez, B., & Pabon-Pereira, C. (2020). WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. Water Sci. Technol., 82(9), 1781–1794.
Abstract: Recently, it has been suggested that the liquid fraction of anaerobic digestate, derived from the treatment of wastewater and solid wastes, could be used in vermicomposting as a solution to its disposal, and even for its valorization. Nevertheless, the literature does not provide enough information about its impact on the process of vermicomposting itself and on the final quality of the end-product. In this study, the effect of different doses of digestate in the vermicomposting process treating market waste is assessed measuring earthworm population dynamics, the bacterial community succession present in the vermibeds, as well as maturation and the end-quality of the vermicompost. Our results show that the addition of liquid digestate to the vermibeds increased the earthworms biomass, i.e. 71%, 94% and 168% in control, and vermibeds with 30% and 60% digestate, respectively. Further, the increase in the amount of N in the vermicompost decreased as the digestate addition increased, i.e. 75%, 8%, 3%. The maturity achieved was high in all treatments as shown by the C/N ratio, 7.98, 7.40 and 10.20, and the high seed germination rate, above 90%. Finally, the succession of the microbial community was not disturbed and compositional stabilization was reached after 92 days.
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Diaz, C., Belmonte, M., Campos, J. L., Franchi, O., Faundez, M., Vidal, G., et al. (2020). Limits of the anammox process in granular systems to remove nitrogen at low temperature and nitrogen concentration. Process Saf. Environ. Protect., 138, 349–355.
Abstract: When partial nitritation-anammox (PN-AMX) processes are applied to treat the mainstream in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), it is difficult to fulfil the total nitrogen (TN) quality requirements established by the European Union (<10g TN/m(3)). The operation of the anammox process was evaluated here in a continuous stirred tank reactor operated at 15 degrees C and fed with concentrations of 50 g TN/m(3) (1.30 +/- 0.23 g NO2- -N/g NH4+-N). Two different aspects were identified as crucial, limiting nitrogen removal efficiency. On the one hand, the oxygen transferred from the air in contact with the mixed liquor surface favoured the nitrite oxidation to nitrate (up to 75 %) and this nitrate, in addition to the amount produced from the anammox reaction itself, worsened the effluent quality. On the other hand, the mass transfer of ammonium and nitrite to be converted inside the anammox granules involves relatively large values of apparent affinity constants (k(NH4+app) : 0.50 g NH4+-N/m(3) ; k(NO2-app) 0.17 g NO2--N/m(3)) that favour the presence of these nitrogen compounds in the produced effluent. The careful isolation of the reactor from air seeping and the fixation of right hydraulic and solids retention times are expected to help the maintenance of stability and effluent quality. (C) 2020 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Diaz, G., Munoz, F. D., & Moreno, R. (2020). Equilibrium Analysis of a Tax on Carbon Emissions with Pass-through Restrictions and Side-payment Rules. Energy J., 41(2), 93–122.
Abstract: Chile was the first country in Latin America to impose a tax on carbon-emitting electricity generators. However, the current regulation does not allow firms to include emission charges as costs for the dispatch and pricing of electricity in real time. The regulation also includes side-payment rules to reduce the economic losses of some carbon-emitting generating units. In this paper we develop an equilibrium model with endogenous investments in generation capacity to quantify the long-run economic inefficiencies of an emissions policy with such features in a competitive setting. We benchmark this policy against a standard tax on carbon emissions and a cap-and-trade program. Our results indicate that a carbon tax with such features can, at best, yield some reductions in carbon emissions at a much higher cost than standard emission policies. These findings highlight the critical importance of promoting short-run efficiency by pricing carbon emissions in the spot market in order to incentivize efficient investments in generating capacity in the long run.
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Dorval, P., Talens, G. J. J., Otten, G. P. P. L., Brahm, R., Jordan, A., Torres, P., et al. (2020). MASCARA-4 b/bRing-1 b: A retrograde hot Jupiter around a bright A-type star. Astron. Astrophys., 635, 10 pp.
Abstract: Context. The Multi-site All-Sky CAmeRA (MASCARA) and bRing are both photometric ground-based instruments with multiple stations that rely on interline charge-coupled devices with wide-field lenses to monitor bright stars in the local sky for variability. MASCARA has already discovered several planets in the northern sky, which are among the brightest known transiting hot Jupiter systems. Aims. In this paper, we aim to characterize a transiting planetary candidate in the southern skies found in the combined MASCARA and bRing data sets of HD 85628, an A7V star of V = 8.2 mag at a distance 172 pc, to establish its planetary nature. Methods. The candidate was originally detected in data obtained jointly with the MASCARA and bRing instruments using a Box Least-Square search for transit events. Further photometry was taken by the 0.7 m Chilean-Hungarian Automated Telescope (CHAT), and radial velocity measurements with the Fiber Dual Echelle Optical Spectrograph on the European Southern Observatory 1.0 m Telescope. High-resolution spectra during a transit were taken with the CTIO high-resolution spectrometer (CHIRON) on the Small and Moderate Aperture Research Telescope System 1.5 m telescope to target the Doppler shadow of the candidate. Results. We confirm the existence of a hot Jupiter transiting the bright A7V star HD 85628, which we co-designate as MASCARA-4b and bRing-1b. It is in an orbit of 2.824 days, with an estimated planet radius of 1.53(-0.04)(+0.07) R-Jup and an estimated planet mass of 3.1 +/- 0.9 M-Jup, putting it well within the planetary regime. The CHAT observations show a partial transit, reducing the probability that the transit was around a faint background star. The CHIRON observations show a clear Doppler shadow, implying that the transiting object is in a retrograde orbit with |lambda| = 244.9(-3.6)(+2.7)degrees. The planet orbits at a distance of 0.047 +/- 0.004 AU from the star and has a zero-albedo equilibrium temperature of 2100 +/- 100 K. In addition, we find that HD 85628 has a previously unreported stellar companion star in the Gaia DR2 data demonstrating common proper motion and parallax at 4.3 '' separation (projected separation similar to 740 AU), and with absolute magnitude consistent with being a K/M dwarf. Conclusions. MASCARA-4 b/bRing-1 b is the brightest transiting hot Jupiter known to date in a retrograde orbit. It further confirms that planets in near-polar and retrograde orbits are more common around early-type stars. Due to its high apparent brightness and short orbital period, the system is particularly well suited for further atmospheric characterization.
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Escapil-Inchauspe, P., & Jerez-Hanckes, C. (2020). Helmholtz Scattering by Random Domains: First-Order Sparse Boundary Elements Approximation. SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 42(5), A2561–A2592.
Abstract: We consider the numerical solution of time-harmonic acoustic scattering by obstacles with uncertain geometries for Dirichlet, Neumann, impedance, and transmission boundary conditions. In particular, we aim to quantify diffracted fields originated by small stochastic perturbations of a given relatively smooth nominal shape. Using first-order shape Taylor expansions, we derive tensor deterministic first-kind boundary integral equations for the statistical moments of the scattering problems considered. These are then approximated by sparse tensor Galerkin discretizations via the combination technique [M. Griebel, M. Schneider, and C. Zenger, A combination technique for the solution of sparse grid problems, in Iterative Methods in Linear Algebra, P. de Groen and P. Beauwens, eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1992, pp. 263-281; H. Harbrecht, M. Peters, and M. Siebenmorgen, J. Comput. Phys., 252 (2013), pp. 128-141]. We supply extensive numerical experiments confirming the predicted error convergence rates with polylogarithmic growth in the number of degrees of freedom and accuracy in approximation of the moments. Moreover, we discuss implementation details such as preconditioning to finally point out further research avenues.
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Espinoza, C., Seccatore, J., & Herrera, M. (2020). Chilean artisanal mining: a gambling scenario. REM, 73(2).
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Espinoza, N., Brahm, R., Henning, T., Jordan, A., Dorn, C., Rojas, F., et al. (2020). HD 213885b: a transiting 1-d-period super-Earth with an Earth-like composition around a bright (V=7.9) star unveiled by TESS. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 491(2), 2982–2999.
Abstract: We report the discovery of the 1.008-d, ultrashort period (USP) super-EarthHD213885b (TOI141b) orbiting the bright (V= 7.9) star HD 213885 (TOI-141, TIC 403224672), detected using photometry from the recently launched TESS mission. Using FEROS, HARPS, and CORALIE radial velocities, we measure a precise mass of 8.8 +/- 0.6M. for this 1.74 +/- 0.05 R. exoplanet, which provides enough information to constrain its bulk composition – similar to Earth's but enriched in iron. The radius, mass, and stellar irradiation of HD 213885b are, given our data, very similar to 55 Cancri e, making this exoplanet a good target to perform comparative exoplanetology of short period, highly irradiated super-Earths. Our precise radial velocities reveal an additional 4.78-d signal which we interpret as arising from a second, non-transiting planet in the system, HD 213885c, whoseminimum mass of 19.9 +/- 1.4M. makes it consistent with being a Neptune-mass exoplanet. The HD 213885 system is very interesting from the perspective of future atmospheric characterization, being the second brightest star to host an USP transiting super-Earth (with the brightest star being, in fact, 55 Cancri). Prospects for characterization with present and future observatories are discussed.
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Fernandez, M., Munoz, F. D., & Moreno, R. (2020). Analysis of imperfect competition in natural gas supply contracts for electric power generation: A closed-loop approach. Energy Econ., 87, 15 pp.
Abstract: The supply of natural gas is generally based on contracts that are signed prior to the use of this fuel for power generation. Scarcity of natural gas in systems where a share of electricity demand is supplied with gas turbines does not necessarily imply demand rationing, because most gas turbines can still operate with diesel when natural gas is not available. However, scarcity conditions can lead to electricity price spikes, with welfare effects for consumers and generation firms. We develop a closed-loop equilibrium model to evaluate if generation firms have incentives to contract or import the socially-optimal volumes of natural gas to generate electricity. We consider a perfectly-competitive electricity market, where all firms act as price-takers in the short term, but assume that only a small number of firms own gas turbines and procure natural gas from, for instance, foreign suppliers in liquefied form. We illustrate an application of our model using a network reduction of the electric power system in Chile, considering two strategic firms that make annual decisions about natural gas imports in discrete quantities. We also assume that strategic firms compete in the electricity market with a set of competitive firms do not make strategic decisions about natural gas imports (i.e., a competitive fringe). Our results indicate that strategic firms could have incentives to sign natural gas contracts for volumes that are much lower than the socially-optimal ones, which leads to supernormal profits for these firms in the electricity market. Yet, this effect is rather sensitive to the price of natural gas. A high price of natural gas eliminates the incentives of generation firms to exercise market power through natural gas contracts. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Fierro, I., & Jerez-Hanckes, C. (2020). Fast Calderon preconditioning for Helmholtz boundary integral equations. J. Comput. Phys., 409, 22 pp.
Abstract: Calderon multiplicative preconditioners are an effective way to improve the condition number of first kind boundary integral equations yielding provable mesh independent bounds. However, when discretizing by local low-order basis functions as in standard Galerkin boundary element methods, their computational performance worsens as meshes are refined. This stems from the barycentric mesh refinement used to construct dual basis functions that guarantee the discrete stability of L-2-pairings. Based on coarser quadrature rules over dual cells and H-matrix compression, we propose a family of fast preconditioners that significantly reduce assembly and computation times when compared to standard versions of Calderon preconditioning for the three-dimensional Helmholtz weakly and hyper-singular boundary integral operators. Several numerical experiments validate our claims and point towards further enhancements. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Garmendia, M. L., Mondschein, S., Montiel, B., & Kusanovic, J. P. (2020). Trend and predictors of gestational diabetes mellitus in Chile. Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet., 148(2), 210–218.
Abstract: Objective
To examine the temporal trends in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevalence in Chile, and to determine the main predictors of GDM.
Methods
A secondary analysis was conducted of all birth records at Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río, Chile, from January 1, 2002, to December 31, 2015. We excluded those women with pre‐existing type 2 diabetes, those with missing data, and those with unlikely data. GDM was defined as fasting glucose levels >5.55 mmol/L [>100 mg/dL] or >7.77 mmol/L [>140 mg/dL] 2 hours after glucose load in the oral glucose tolerance test. Potential predictors were selected based on prior research and ease of evaluation.
Results
From the original database of 100 758 records, 86 362 women were included in the final cohort. The mean GDM prevalence was 7.6% (95% CI [confidence interval] 7.5%�7.8%), increasing from 4.4% (95% CI 4.0%�4.9%) in 2002 to 13.0% (95% CI 12.0%�13.9%) in 2015. Age, education, marital status, parity, family history of type 2 diabetes, personal history of GDM, hypertension and pre‐eclampsia, alcohol consumption, smoking, and pre‐gestational nutritional status performed well in the prediction of GDM.
Conclusion
One out of eight Chilean pregnant women of medium‐ to low socio‐economic status were found to develop GDM. We identified a set of easy‐to‐capture predictors in the primary health care system that may allow for the early identification of women at high‐risk for the development of GDM.
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Gill, S., Wheatley, P. J., Cooke, B. F., Jordan, A., Nielsen, L. D., Bayliss, D., et al. (2020). NGTS-11 b (TOI-1847 b): A Transiting Warm Saturn Recovered from a TESS Single-transit Event. Astrophys. J. Lett., 898(1), 6 pp.
Abstract: We report the discovery of NGTS-11 b (=TOI-1847b), a transiting Saturn in a 35.46 day orbit around a mid K-type star (T-eff = 5050 +/- 80 K). We initially identified the system from a single-transit event in a TESS full-frame image light curve. Following 79 nights of photometric monitoring with an NGTS telescope, we observed a second full transit of NGTS-11 b approximately one year after the TESS single-transit event. The NGTS transit confirmed the parameters of the transit signal and restricted the orbital period to a set of 13 discrete periods. We combined our transit detections with precise radial-velocity measurements to determine the true orbital period and measure the mass of the planet. We find NGTS-11 b has a radius of 0.817 +/-(0.028)(0.032) R-Jup, a mass of 0.344 +/-(0.092)(0.073) M-Jup, and an equilibrium temperature of just 435 +/-(34)(32) K, making it one of the coolest known transiting gas giants. NGTS-11 b is the first exoplanet to be discovered after being initially identified as a TESS single-transit event, and its discovery highlights the power of intense photometric monitoring in recovering longer-period transiting exoplanets from single-transit events.
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